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Police corruption is incompatible with the rule of law, and the degree to which it exists can seriously undermine the quality of life of citizens affected by it. A successful response to eliminate it, however, is contingent on the ability to properly define it, provide reliable data on its prevalence, and develop effective prevention and detection efforts.

Although there is no universal definition of corruption, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights defines police corruption as encompassing “the commission or omission of an act in the performance of or in connection with one's duties, in response to gifts, promises or incentives demanded or accepted, or the wrongful receipt of these once the act has been committed or omitted.”

Evaluation of Police Corruption

Police corruption is also part of the larger problem of government corruption, and those who benefit from it are not likely to report its existence. Although this makes it impossible to accurately assess the prevalence of corruption, the perceptions of business people and members of the public in general regarding corruption in their respective countries serve as an indirect but useful mechanism.

Government corruption as a whole is generally perceived to be more common and extensive in underdeveloped and poor countries. Looking at the problem of corruption globally, the Global Coalition Against Corruption, a joint initiative between Transparency International and Goettingen University (Germany), developed a corruption perception index for 124 countries, based on surveys of businesspeople, risk analysts, and members of the public in those countries.

With a value of 10 representing “highly clean” and zero representing “highly corrupt,” the United States is in 16th place alongside Israel with a 7.6 corruption rating. Finland is perceived to be the “most clean,” with a corruption perception rating of 9.9, followed by Denmark, New Zealand, Iceland, and Singapore.

Publicity regarding police corruption can seriously harm the image of a police agency, impede its ability to gain cooperation from the public, and negatively affect the careers of commanders responsible for corrupt officers. As a result, some police officials may see a greater benefit in suppressing information regarding such corrupt officers than in rigorously combating it.

Causes of Police Corruption

There is some speculation that police corruption is closely connected to police brutality and that where one occurs, the other is also prevalent. The thrill of having power over others and disenchantment with the justice process have been identified as possible motivators for acts of corruption and brutality. Greed cannot not be discounted as another or additional factor in the police corruption equation. In most serious cases of police corruption in the United States, organized crime and the illegal narcotics trade play major roles and lay the groundwork for corruption to thrive.

Response to Police Corruption

Police corruption, or the potential for it, must be addressed as early as the officer recruitment process. New officers are, or should be, screened for honesty, integrity, mental stability, past drug use, and general suitability for police work on the basis of a thorough background investigation and a variety of written and oral evaluations, which may also include a polygraph exam. This process can identify many unsuitable applicants. Others, however, may appear qualified at the point of entry, but once exposed to opportunities to benefit from corrupt acts may be unable to resist such opportunities without additional preventive steps taken by the law enforcement agency.

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