White Holes

White holes are the theoretical time-reversal oppo-sites of the astronomical bodies known as black holes. In 1916, Karl Schwarzschild used Einstein's general theory of relativity to derive the first model of a black hole. The negative square root solution of the Schwarzschild model of the space-time continuum provided for the existence of white holes. Since general relativity is time symmetric, the purest definition of a white hole is a black hole running backward in time. The complete Schwarzschild model includes a black hole, a white hole, and two universes connected at their horizons by a wormhole.

The time reversal action of white holes provides for a difference in behavior from black holes. Black holes are known for their high gravitational forces that prevent any matter from escaping the pull of the forces. Because white holes are understood as black holes running backward in time, white holes will repel matter while black holes make matter disappear. In astrophysics, a white hole is postulated to be a celestial body that spews out matter, perhaps because the white hole is a collapsed area of space that is expanding, thus putting matter back into space as it expands. Other researchers theorize that white holes eject matter from the event horizon while black holes absorb matter at the event horizon. However, this behavior is not affected by the time reversal of the entities so it is theorized that both white and black holes attract matter, with the difference in action occurring at the event horizon. Physicists who specialize in relativity generally agree that white holes are essentially time-reversed black holes from which particles must exit but cannot enter. Following on this, a black hole can become a white hole with negative time when the direction of time is reversed. Using the theory of general relativity, one can hypothesize that a rotating black hole in a specific part of the space-time continuum can be attached to the same hole in another part of the spacetime continuum where, depending on the observer's location, it can appear as a white hole. The existence of white holes expelling matter provides a response to the question of where the matter that is sucked into a black hole ends up. If black holes take in matter, their corresponding white holes expel matter.

In 1962, John Wheeler theorized the Einstein-Rosen bridge as spacetime-matter metric, which involves a wormhole acting as a bridge to connect two universes. The wormhole acts as a shortcut through space and time to allow travel between the two universes. This occurs in areas of space located in the center of a black hole and a white hole. The Schwarzschild model discussed above supports this theory.

White holes are highly theoretical, however, because they cannot be observed, and black holes are difficult to locate because they absorb all light. In addition, white holes violate the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat moves naturally to a region of low temperature from a region of high temperature, but white holes, by their definition, do not run out of heat or mass. Opening our minds to the possibilities of other universes allows us to consider universes that operate differently than ours. Perhaps the second law of thermodynamics does not apply beyond our universe; thus white holes could indeed exist.

...