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Stephen Baxter, a British engineer and science fiction writer, collaborated with Sir Arthur C. Clarke on two novels in the series A Time Odyssey, which explores the nature of time. In the first novel, Time's Eye, powerful alien beings (the Firstborn) are experimenting with humans by taking different time slices from human history and creating a patchwork in which these various slices are loosely woven together. Cosmonauts and UN peacekeepers from the year 2037 are brought into contact with a British army unit from 1885 that includes Rudyard Kipling and later encounters Alexander the Great's army, which must confront Genghis Khan's horde. When the displacement first occurred, a temporal and a spatial shift occurred: The sun was at its zenith in 2037, and then it moves across the sky to a position of late afternoon; it was as if the process of time had altered its history. The various characters in the story are “castaways in time,” in a new world they call Mir.

A Spacetime Tapestry

One of the interesting conundrums that arises is that those from 2037 know of Rudyard Kipling, in this time slice a young man, and what he will go on to do. How much of his future should they tell him? And how much of what they tell him influences what he is to become? Or if (when) he dies in Mir, is there a Rudyard Kipling in England in 1900 who will still write his books? They also discover a discontinuity from horizon to horizon at one point where the time slices have been stitched together, which is explained by tectonic shifts over the thousands of years difference in the time slices. The rips in the “tapestry” of space-time were sewn together piecemeal to create this new reality, so the Firstborn could observe (through great “eyes” in the sky) how these humans would behave in these disjointed circumstances. One of the time-displaced travelers, Bisea, is sent “home” to 2037 by the Firstborn because she asks them to do so (through the Eye).

This is where the second book, Sunstorm, picks up Bisea's story. She comes home to a gigantic disruption of all electrical and communication signals by geomagnetically induced currents prompted by an unusual sunspot. Research following this event revealed that a much more devastating occurrence would strike Earth, from the sun, in less than 5 years, a sunstorm that would destroy Earth. Scientists build a kind of shield in space to deflect as much of the sun's eruption as possible, and it is roughly 90% successful. Three super-intelligent computers, Thales, Aristotle, and Athena, play a major role in saving Earth. What the humans discover, through Bisea's insight from her time in Mir, is that the Firstborn had caused the sunstorm deliberately, to stop the wasting of useful energy by humans on Earth. As this plan had failed, surely they would try again.

Parallel Corridors of History

An earlier book by Baxter, The Time Ships, delved even more deeply into time and time travel. Baxter's story purports to pick up where H. G. Wells's The Time Machine had left off. The Time Traveler goes on a new journey, but not as far forward in time as before (to 657,208 CE). He is captured by Morlocks, but these are very different from those he met before—civilized, very technologically advanced. One of them, Nebogipfel, takes an interest in him and concludes that the Time Traveler himself had caused a Divergence of Histories by relating to friends the details of his last journey. One of the friends, the Writer, had written it down, and it served as a warning. The population had avoided the conflict of that other history, had continued to grow, and had harnessed the power of the sun.

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