Seamless Learning

Dimensions of Seamless Learning

One seamless learning framework views learning spaces based on two dimensions or factors: physical setting and learning process as shown in the quadrant of Figure 1. Type I refers to planned learning in classrooms or formal settings, while Type II means planned learning outside of formal environments such as field trips. Type III refers to emergent learning happening outside of formal environments, mostly driven by learners’ interests and initiatives. Finally, Type IV means emergent learning in formal environments, such as unplanned teachable moments and serendipitous learning.

Figure 1 Matrix of learning spaces

Source: Chee-Kit Looi.

In broadening this initial dichotomy of dimensions beyond this 2 x 2 model, Lung-Hsiang Wong and Chee-Kit [Page 628]Looi listed 10 salient features or dimensions that characterize what seamlessness in a mobile seamless environment entails:

• 1.
  Encompassing formal and informal learning;
• 2.
  Encompassing individual and social learning;
• 3.
  Learning across time;
• 4.
  Learning across locations;
• 5.
  Ubiquitous access to learning resources such as online information, teacher-supplied materials, student artifacts, and student online interactions;
• 6.
  Encompassing physical and digital worlds;
• 7.
  Combined usage of multiple device types;
• 8.
  Seamless and rapid switching between multiple learning tasks, such as data collection, analysis, and communication;
• 9.
  Knowledge synthesis (prior and new knowledge as well as multiple levels of thinking skills, and/or multidisciplinary learning); and
• 10.
  Encompassing multiple pedagogical or learning activity models (facilitated by the teachers).

The framing of the design problem becomes either one of blurring the boundaries of the continuum along each or some of these dimensions or bridging the learning experiences across these continuums. One can frame the challenge faced by learning design practitioners as designing to bridge the gaps between two points on any of the continuum of each dimension.

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