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Teaching Profession, Requirements of

All states have standards and requirements that teachers must meet in order to be certified to teach deaf students. These requirements are different for each state. Colleges and universities, then, have different requirements so that their teacher candidates can meet the state requirements for certification.

The field of Deaf education is broad and requires specially trained teachers with specific preparation in language and communication in order to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Colleges and universities offer both undergraduate and graduate programs in Deaf education. These programs have differing philosophies (oral-aural, bilingual-bicultural, or comprehensive).

State Licensure Requirements

An individual is able to teach when he or she meets licensure requirements. While the process and requirements from state to state may vary, there are some components that are similar. Typically, states have an educational requirement (completion of an accredited teacher preparation program in the area of Deaf education), examinations (basic skills examinations—reading, mathematics, and writing and content-area assessment), experience (time working with deaf students—practicum and student teaching), and a criminal background check.

State licenses are issued for a specific time period and then must be renewed. Prior to renewing the license, teachers must inquire about the state renewal requirements and procedures. Coursework or professional development may be required depending on the education level attained and experience.

CEC/CED Standards

Many Deaf college and university teacher preparation programs are accredited by the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) and/or Council on Education of the Deaf (CED). These are nationally accrediting bodies that establish standards for Deaf education programs. The CEC/CED standards are specialized knowledge and skills that provide the foundation of professional preparation and influence Deaf education teacher licensure. These standards provide benchmarks for states for program accreditation, licensure, professional practice, and continuing professional development. Meeting the CED/CEC standards helps ensure that graduates of the accredited program are highly qualified and are well prepared to support the needs of deaf students.

The standards cover the roles and responsibilities of teachers of deaf students. Teacher candidates must be able to demonstrate each standard successfully prior to program completion. Educators must have knowledge of ensuring deaf students have access to the general education curriculum by modifying and accommodating individual needs. They must know the basic principles of human growth and development. The standards also state teachers must know the proper assessment tools needed to measure development, knowledge, and skills of students. Candidates must also have a knowledge of how deafness impacts the student and family across the life span. They must have knowledge of how to prepare the classroom environment for deaf students. Individuals seeking certification in Deaf education must be able to develop lesson plans that are reflective of student needs that include measurable learning objectives, are developmentally appropriate, and have instructional strategies and methods appropriate for deaf students. Finally, they must also have knowledge of special education law, the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process, and how to develop an IEP.

College and University Requirements

College and university program requirements also vary, but align to CEC/CED standards and state requirements for certification or licensure. Typically, candidates must successfully complete the

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