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Final dispositions (or final sample dispositions) are a set of codes or categories used by survey researchers to document the ultimate outcome of contact attempts on individual cases in a survey sample. Assigned after field work on a survey has been completed, final dispositions provide survey researchers with a terminal, or ending, status of each unit or case within the sampling pool. Survey researchers use final sample dispositions for two reasons: (1) to calculate response rates and (2) to help assess whether the sample might contain nonresponse error.

One important purpose of final dispositions is to calculate survey response rates. It is common practice for survey researchers to compute the response rates at the end of a survey's field period. Response rates are a common measure of survey quality, and typically it is assumed that the higher the response rate is, the higher the quality of the survey data is. Because the final dispositions categorize the outcome of each case (or unit) in the sampling pool, final dispositions make it possible for survey researchers to calculate survey response rates.

A second important purpose of final dispositions is to assess potential nonresponse error in the sampling pool. Correct or not, a common assumption is that there is more nonresponse error in survey samples with lower response rates than in survey samples with higher response rates. Although determining the amount of nonresponse error in survey data requires more than just the survey response rate, calculating survey response rates requires final dispositions and is an important first step in understanding whether non-response error is present in survey data.

Types of Final Dispositions

At the end of a survey field period, survey cases generally can be classified into four groups: (1) completed interviews, (2) eligible cases that were not interviewed or who did not complete the survey questionnaire (non-respondents), (3) cases of unknown eligibility (some of which are likely to be nonrespondents), and (4) cases that were ineligible for the interview. In order to categorize the variety of possible outcomes of survey cases into each of these four broad categories, researchers usually use a more extensive and refined system of sub-categories that are assigned to each unit in the sampling pool during the field period. In an effort to permit reporting of comparable final dispositions across survey organizations and survey projects, survey-related professional organizations such as the American Association for Public Opinion Research have developed standardized definitions for final dispositions.

Completed Interviews

Final dispositions for completed interviews divide the category into two subgroups: completed (full) interviews and partial interviews. Full interviews are interviews in which the respondent has provided data for each question in the survey instrument. The definition of a partial interview tends to vary across survey organizations but commonly includes those cases for which the respondent has provided data for a majority of questions in the survey instrument, including questions that are key variables for the purpose of the study.

Eligible Cases with No Data Gathered

Final dispositions for eligible cases from which no data were gathered divide the category into refusals, breakoffs, noncontacts, and “other cases.” Refusals are cases in which some contact has been made with the sampled unit or named respondent, and the named respondent or a responsible member of the sampled unit has declined to participate in the interview. Breakoffs are cases in which data collection began, but the respondent refused or was unable to complete the interview (for in-person and telephone modes) or the questionnaire (for Internet and mail modes). The definition of noncontact varies depending on the mode of interviewing. For in-person interviews, a noncontact results when an interviewer is unable to gain access to a building, when no one is reached at a housing unit, or when the named respondent is away or unavailable. For telephone interviews, a noncontact results when the selected respondent is never available or when only an answering machine can be reached, but the message confirms that the telephone number is that of a household unit. “Other cases” include cases in which the respondent is located and does not refuse the interview but is unavailable or unable to complete the interview because of death, illness, physical or mental limitations, language problems or barriers, or other uncommon reasons.

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