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National Media Campaign
The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, often referred to as the National Media Campaign, is a large-scale communication strategy that aims to prevent drug abuse through television, radio, and newspaper advertisements; Internet programs and Web sites; and entertainment venues. Some of the most memorable advertisements include short commercials such as the "This is your brain on drugs" ad, which depicted a person frying an egg in a hot, burning skillet as being analogous to the harmful consequences drug use has on the human brain. The messages promoted through the campaign aim to convince the viewing public that drug use is bad and should be avoided.
In 1998 Congress created the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign with the goal of preventing and reducing youth drug use. Unprecedented in size and scope, the campaign was designed to be the most visible symbol of the federal government's commitment to youth drug prevention and is housed in the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The campaign's focus was to be a strategically integrated communication effort that included advertising with public communication outreach to deliver antidrug messages and skills to America's youth, their parents, and other influential adults. From 1998 through 2008, $1.602 billion has been spent on the National Media Campaign.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report in August 2006 to present findings on a national evaluation of the National Media Campaign. This report states that the evaluation did not find that the campaign was effective in reducing youth drug use. The National Institute on Drug Abuse awarded evaluation contracts to Westat, Inc., through June 2005 for a total of $42.7 million.
Published Keys to Success
The National Media Campaign hosts a Web site, which highlights information about its programs. The following published bullets or "keys to success" describe the foundation for the campaign, according to ONDCP:
- Strong bipartisan congressional support and recognition of the critical importance of the issue to the American public
- A solid scientific and research base to serve as the campaign's foundation
- Pro bono advertising created in conjunction with the Partnership for a Drug-Free America
- Participation by leading media corporations as well as civic, volunteer, youth-serving, education, prevention, public health, and multicultural organizations
Components
The National Media Campaign Web site also describes seven campaign components that constitute the overall media approach. They are as follows:
- Advertising: Paid and donated campaign advertising on television and radio, in print, and on the Internet delivers antidrug information to target audiences through more than 1,300 media outlets across the country.
- Media: News media outreach and promotional activities (such as the marijuana initiative) enable the campaign to deliver important antidrug information while at the same time elevating the profile of the campaign.
- The Internet: The campaign has been a leader in social marketing on the Internet. The campaign's family of Web sites for teens (http://Freevibe.com) and parents (http://TheAntiDrug.com), along with other sites developed to reach adult influencers, receive approximately 5 million page views and almost 2 million visitors per month. Traffic is driven to the sites through online and traditional advertising and publicity, Web links through Internet sites that support the campaign messages (e.g., news, health, or target age related), Internet search engines, and direct access. Campaign Web partners work to reach the elusive teen target through popular sites such as http://MTV.com and http://CosmoGirl.com. News-related sites, such as The New York Times, ABC News, and US News and World Report, and search engines, such as http://Google.com and http://Yahoo.com, assist the campaign in reaching parents and influencers.
- Entertainment Outreach: The campaign provides information and resources to entertainment writers and producers to increase accurate depictions of drug abuse in entertainment programming. The campaign holds regular media roundtable events for entertainment writers on hot topics such as ecstasy, methamphetamines, steroids, and early intervention.
- Multicultural Outreach: Advertising and outreach is targeted to African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and American Indian/Alaska Native audiences; materials are produced in Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Cambodian.
- Partnerships: Campaign partners distribute antidrug information and messages to their members and communities through a number of different channels, including events and highly visible meetings attended by young people and their parents. Campaign partners include the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, the National PTA, YMCA, the National Middle School Association, the American Academy of Pediatricians, the National Education Association, the Congress of National Black Churches, UNITY (United National Indian Tribal Youth, Inc.), ASPIRA (the largest Hispanic youth organization), Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America, the U.S. Hispanic Leadership Institute, and the National Asian Pacific American Families Against Substance Abuse.
- Work Program: The campaign developed the @Work program to reach parents where they spend much of their time—at work. Many human resource professionals say that they believe that employees who have children with substance abuse problems are more likely to suffer from decreased morale and productivity, and they use an increasing amount of health care dollars. The @Work Web site, http://www.TheAntiDrug.com/AtWork, makes it easy for employers, labor organizations, associations, community coalitions, and other groups to share youth drug prevention information with working parents. The site features newsletter articles, e-mail parenting tips, and information about ordering or downloading campaign posters and brochures. All of the electronic resources are formatted for easy adaptation and customization.
Evaluation Report
The U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report in August 2006 to a U.S. Senate appropriations subcommittee on transportation, treasury, the judiciary, housing and urban development, and related agencies. The report highlighted some disturbing findings on the overall effectiveness of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign. The report concluded that the campaign was not effective in reducing youth drug use.
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- Behavioral Addictions
- Classifications of Drugs of Abuse
- Alcohol
- Amphetamines
- Amyl Nitrite
- Anabolic Steroids
- Anxiolytic Drugs
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Buprenorphine
- Caffeine
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Central Nervous System Stimulants
- Club Drugs
- Cocaine and Crack
- Drugs, Classification of
- Ecstasy
- Fentanyl
- Hallucinogens
- Heroin
- Illicit and Illegal Drugs
- Inhalants
- Levo-Alpha Acetyl Methadol
- Marijuana
- Methadone
- Methamphetamine
- Methods of Drug Administration
- Morphine
- Naltrexone
- Opioids
- Over-the-Counter Drugs
- OxyContin
- Prescription Drugs
- Tobacco
- Criminal Justice System and Substance Abuse
- Engagement and Intervention
- Family and Community Issues
- Adult Children of Alcoholics
- Al-Anon
- Alateen
- Behavioral Couples Therapy
- Binge Drinking
- Brief Strategic Family Therapy
- Children of Alcoholics
- Codependency
- Community Reinforcement and Family Training
- Community Reinforcement Approach
- Enabling
- Experimental Substance Use
- Family Behavior Therapy
- Family Therapy
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Fetal Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs
- Multidimensional Family Therapy
- Violence, Intimate Partner and Substance Abuse Treatment
- Models of Addiction
- Neurobiology of Addiction
- Prevention Theories, Research, Techniques, Strategies, and Effectiveness
- Alcohol Marketing
- Alternative Activities
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- Community-Based Processes
- Drug Abuse Resistance Education
- Environmental Approaches
- Evidence-Based Prevention
- Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment, Dissemination and Adoption of
- Expectancies
- Fidelity of Prevention Programs
- Gateway Drugs Theory
- High-Risk Behaviors
- Information Dissemination
- Institute of Medicine Classification System
- Mentoring
- Monitoring the Future
- National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
- National Media Campaign
- National Outcome Measures
- National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices
- National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- Prevention Education
- Prevention Evaluation
- Prevention Populations
- Prevention Resources
- Prevention Strategies
- Problem Identification and Referral
- Public Policy, Prevention
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Issues in Prevention
- Refusal Skills
- Risk and Protective Factor Theory
- Risk Factors for Addiction
- School-Based Prevention Programs
- Social Norms Marketing
- Social Skills Training
- Tobacco Marketing and Countermarketing
- Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
- Underage Drinking
- Violence Prevention
- Professional Issues in Addictions
- Addiction Technology Transfer Centers
- American Society of Addiction Medicine
- Business Improvement Practices
- Centers for the Application of Prevention Technologies
- Certification and Licensing
- Clinical Supervision of Addiction Counselors
- College on Problems of Drug Dependence
- Confidentiality
- Dual Relationships
- Electronic Health Records
- Ethical Standards for Addiction Professionals
- Ethics
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- Impaired Professionals
- Informed Consent
- International Coalition for Addiction Studies Education
- NAADAC, the Association for Addiction Professionals
- Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment
- Qualified Services Organization Agreements
- Single State Authorities
- State Provider Associations
- Public Policy Development
- Access to Recovery
- Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
- Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
- Decriminalization
- Demand Reduction
- Discrimination, Addicted and Recovering Individuals
- Drug Testing
- Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act
- Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
- Harm Reduction, Public Health
- Indian Health Services
- Insurance Parity
- Join Together
- Legal Action Center
- Legalization of Drugs
- Medical Use of Marijuana
- Moderation Approaches to Alcohol Problems
- National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence
- National Drug Control Strategy
- National Epidemiologie Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices
- Needle Exchange Programs
- Office of National Drug Control Policy
- Public Policy, Alcohol
- Public Policy, Drugs
- Public Policy, Prevention
- Public Policy, Treatment
- pulse Check
- Single State Authorities
- State Provider Associations
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- Supply Reduction
- Synar Amendment
- Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
- War on Drugs
- Recovery
- Al-Anon
- Alateen
- Alcoholics Anonymous
- Big Book, The
- Bill W.
- Cocaine Anonymous
- Double Trouble
- Dry Drunk Syndrome
- Gamblers Anonymous
- Moderation in Use
- Moderation Management
- Narcotics Anonymous
- Natural Recovery
- Peer Recovery Support Services
- Rational Recovery
- Recovery
- Recovery Community Organizations
- Recovery Community Services Program
- Recovery Schools
- Recovery Support Services
- Secular Organizations for Sobriety/Save Our Selves
- Sobriety
- Social Drinking
- Spiritual Issues
- Stigma
- Support Groups
- Twelve Steps
- Twelve-Step Recovery Programs
- Women for Sobriety
- Relapse Prevention
- Research and Evaluation Issues in Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment
- Cannabis Youth Treatment Study
- College on Problems of Drug Dependence
- COMBINE Study
- Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies
- Evidence-Based Prevention
- Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment, Dissemination and Adoption of
- Evidence-Based Treatment
- Fidelity of Prevention Programs
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network
- National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study
- Prevention Evaluation
- Project MATCH
- Research Issues in Prevention
- Research Issues in Treatment
- Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis
- Addiction Severity Index
- Alcohol Testing
- Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
- Alcohol-Induced Disorders
- Alcoholism
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Assessment
- Assessment Instruments
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- CAGE Screening Instrument
- Co-Occurring Disorders
- Denial
- Depression
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Drug Abuse Screening Test
- Drug Testing
- Experimental Substance Use
- Inventory of Drinking Situations
- Michigan Alcohol Screening Test
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers
- Psychosocial History
- Screening
- Screening Instruments
- Self-Report Inventories
- Substance Abuse
- Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3
- Substance Dependence
- Substance Use Disorders
- Substance-Induced Disorders
- Substance-Induced Withdrawal Delirium
- Timeline Followback
- Tolerance
- Urine Toxicology Testing
- Withdrawal
- Sociocultural and Historical Perspectives on Drug use
- Special Populations: Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment
- Adolescents, Substance Abuse and Treatment
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Athletes and Drug Use
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Children of Alcoholics
- Co-Occurring Disorders
- College Students, Alcohol Use and Abuse
- College Students, Drug Use and Abuse
- Criminal Justice Populations
- Depression
- Disabilities, Issues in Prevention and Treatment
- Elderly Populations, Treatment Issues
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Fetal Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs
- Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues
- Gender Issues
- Homeless, Substance Abuse and Treatment
- Maternal Drug Use
- Multiculturalism
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Issues in Alcohol and Other Drug Use
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Issues in Prevention
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Issues in Treatment
- Special Populations
- Veterans, Substance Abuse and Treatment
- Welfare Reform and Substance Abuse
- Substance Abuse Health-Related Issues
- Alcohol-Related Birth Defects
- Amotivational Syndrome
- Antidepressant Drugs
- Antipsychotic Drugs
- Antiseizure Drugs
- Anxiolytic Drugs
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Blood Alcohol Concentration
- Drug Abuse Warning Network
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Fetal Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs
- Grief, Loss, and Substance Abuse
- Health Care System and Substance Abuse
- Hepatitis C
- HIV/AIDS
- Injection Drug Use
- Insurance Parity
- Maternal Drug Use
- Medical Consequences
- Medical Use of Marijuana
- Methods of Drug Administration
- Pain Management
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Suicide
- Tuberculosis
- Substance Abuse in the Workplace and School
- Treatment Theories, Research, Techniques, Strategies, and Effectiveness
- Abstinence Violation Effect
- Acamprosate
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Antabuse (Disulfiram)
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Aversive Therapy
- Behavioral Couples Therapy
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Brief Interventions
- Brief Strategic Family Therapy
- Buprenorphine
- Cannabis Youth Treatment Study
- CENAPS Model
- Client Engagement
- Client/Treatment Matching
- Co-Occurring Disorders
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Cognitive-Social Learning Model
- COMBINE Study
- Community Reinforcement and Family Training
- Community Reinforcement Approach
- Contingency Management
- Continuum of Care
- Counseling Approaches
- Court-Mandated Treatment
- Covert Sensitization
- Craving
- Depression
- Detoxification
- Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies
- Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment, Dissemination and Adoption of
- Evidence-Based Treatment
- Family Behavior Therapy
- Family Therapy
- Gender Issues
- Grief, Loss, and Substance Abuse
- Group Therapy and Counseling
- Harm Reduction Psychotherapy
- Inventory of Drinking Situations
- Levo-Alpha Acetyl Methadol
- Matrix Model
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment
- Minnesota Model
- Moderation Approaches to Alcohol Problems
- Moderation in Use
- Motivational Enhancement Therapy
- Motivational Interviewing
- Multidimensional Family Therapy
- Naloxone
- Naltrexone
- National Outcome Measures
- National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study
- Nicotine Replacement Therapy
- Outpatient Treatment
- Patient Placement Criteria
- Pharmacological Approaches to Treatment
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Project MATCH
- Public Policy, Treatment
- Qualified Services Organization Agreements
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Issues in Treatment
- Rapid Opioid Detoxification
- Relapse
- Relapse Prevention
- Residential Treatment
- Resistance in Treatment
- Solution-Focused Therapy
- Stages of Change Model
- Substitute Addictions
- Support Groups
- Synanon
- Therapeutic Communities
- Tobacco Cessation Programs and Treatments
- Treatment Access and Retention
- Treatment Approaches and Strategies
- Treatment Effectiveness
- Treatment Facilities
- Treatment in Jails and Prisons
- Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders
- Treatment Plans and Treatment Planning
- Treatment Programs for Alcohol or Drug Abuse
- Treatment Settings
- Treatment, Nontraditional Approaches
- Twelve-Step Facilitation
- Veterans, Substance Abuse and Treatment
- Violence, Intimate Partner and Substance Abuse Treatment
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