Entry
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Subject index
Preface
As British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once remarked, “It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except for all those others that have been tried.” In CQ Press's new series, Student's Guides to the U.S. Government, librarians, educators, students, and other researchers will find essential resources for understanding the strange wonder, alternately inspiring and frustrating, that is American democracy.
In the Student's Guide to the Presidency, the third volume in the Student's Guides series, both young and experienced researchers, especially students and teachers, will find all they need to know about America's chief executive—the constitutional provisions and legal procedures, the pivotal campaigns and the outrageous scandals, the key players and the watershed policy changes—the pure pageantry of American presidential politics. The office is part royalty—the nation's ceremonial head of state as well as its head of government—and part democracy—the only office, along with the vice presidency, elected by all of the people, this most dynamic and most scrutinized branch of the federal government has always been a bundle of contradictions. As the presidency grew from a relatively weak office with almost no staff and few prerogatives into the office held by the unchallenged leader of the government's strongest branch, its inhabitants have become sources of fascination and controversy. One president, Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969), barely exaggerated when he suggested that, “being president is like being a jackass in a hailstorm. There's nothing to do but to stand there and take it.” Although critics have seen danger in the concentration of power in the White House, partisans of freedom the world over have also hailed the office as a beacon of hope, a symbol of democratic values, an institution that makes even the most powerful leader subject to the aspirations and values of the people.
The Student's Guide to the Presidency unravels the historical development of the American presidency—the ways in which the office has changed over the past two-and-a-half centuries as well as its current status, unlocking the mysteries surrounding such contemporary issues as campaign finance reform, the qualifications for the nation's highest office, and the separation of powers. Each of the three parts of the Student's Guide to the Presidency takes a unique approach to enhancing users’ understanding of the national executive branch. Part One features three essays, each of which addresses a provocative issue or question about America's highest office: “The Executive Branch: Behind the Scenes Since 1789;” “Power Trip? How Presidents Have Increased the Power of the Office;” and “Is the U.S. President the Most Powerful Leader in the World?”
Part Two features more than 125 A-Z entries spanning the administration of John Adams—the nation's second president and first vice president, the latter position described by him as “the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived”—to the administration of Woodrow Wilson. Entries address the major Cabinet posts; executive departments; the instruments of presidential power, the ways that members of the executive branch take office and what sort of Americans have occupied the White House; the relationship between the presidency and other institutions, including the Congress, the Supreme Court, the political parties, the states, and the federal bureaucracy; as well as the historic election in 2008 of America's first African American president, Barack Obama. Special features within Part Two abound: “Point/Counterpoint” highlights opposing views on the same issue using primary evidence and concludes with a thought-provoking “Document-Based Question.” “Spotlight” focuses on unique situations and events. “Decision Makers” takes a closer look at notable individuals, and “Justice for All” examines important moments in the long journey to extend the fundamental rights of citizens to all Americans.
Part Three contains a “Primary Source Library” of key documents, including inaugural addresses and constitutional amendments involving the election of the president and presidential succession; photos; and political cartoons that are essential to understanding the history of the American Presidency. These documents complement the information highlighted in both the essays in Part One and the A-Z entries in Part Two. Part Three also includes guidelines for using the Primary Source Library and for general research. The guidelines offer direction on Researching with Primary and Secondary Sources, Developing Research Questions, Identifying Sources of Information, Planning and Organizing research for use in a paper or report, Documenting Sources for the Bibliography, and Citing Sources.
Other helpful tools include a List of Illustrations, a Reader's Guide that arranges material thematically according to the key concepts of the American Government curriculum, and a timeline of Historical Milestones of the U.S. Presidency. The Guide concludes with a Glossary of political and elections terminology, a Selected Bibliography, and an Index.
An eye-catching, user-friendly design enhances the text. Throughout, numerous charts, graphs, tables, maps, cross-references, sources for further reading, and images illustrate concepts.
The Student's Guides to the U.S. Government Series
Additional titles in the Student's Guides to the U.S. Government series include the Student's Guide to Elections, the Student's Guide to Congress, and the Student's Guide to the Supreme Court. Collectively, these titles will offer indispensable data drawn from CQ Press's collections and presented in a manner accessible to secondary level students of American history and government. The volumes will place at the reader's fingertips essential information about the evolution of American politics from the struggles to create the United States government in the late eighteenth century through the ongoing controversies and dramatic strides of the early twenty-first century.
For study in American history, the Student's Guides to the U.S. Government collect a treasury of useful, often hard-to-find facts and present them in the context of the political environment for easy use in research projects, answering document-based questions, and writing essays or reports.
The Student's Guides offer valuable tools for civics education and for the study of American politics and government. They introduce young people to the institutions, procedures, and rules that form the foundations of American government. They assemble for students and teachers the essential material for understanding the workings of American politics and the nature of political participation in the United States. The Guides explain the roots and development of representative democracy, the system of federalism, the separation of powers, and the specific roles of legislators, executives, and judges in the American system of governance. The Guides provide immediate access to the details about the changing nature of political participation by ordinary Americans and the essential role of citizens in a representative democracy.
At the heart of the Student's Guides to the U.S. Government is the conviction that the continued success of the American experiment in self-government and the survival of democratic ideals depend on a knowledgeable and engaged citizenry—on educating the next generation of American citizens. Understanding American government and history is essential to that crucial education process, for freedom depends on knowing how our system of governance evolved and how we are governed.
By learning the rudiments of American government—the policies, procedures, and processes that built the modern United States—young people can fulfill the promise of American life. By placing at hand—in comprehensive essays, in easily recovered alphabetical format, and in pivotal primary source documents—the essential information needed by student researchers and all educators, the Student's Guides to the U.S. Government offer valuable, authoritative resources for civics and history education.
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