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Johns Hopkins University
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY (1876) is a private university located in Baltimore, Maryland. Johns Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate programs and was the first university in the United States to emphasize research in education. The mission of Hopkins is “The encouragement of research … and the advancement of individual scholars, who by their excellence will advance the sciences they pursue, and the society where they dwell.” Johns Hopkins, in fact, was a model for most large research universities throughout the United States.
The university boasts 32 Nobel laureates and is academically strong in every discipline, from art history to biomédical engineering to international studies to romantic languages.
Johns Hopkins used $1.44 billion in science, medical, and engineering research in the 2005 fiscal year, which made it the leading U.S. academic institution in research and development spending. The National Science Foundation ranked Johns Hopkins as number one on the list of institutions receiving federally funded research and development, which for Johns Hopkins amounted to over $1.2 billion. Research at Johns Hopkins on stem cells is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), healthcare organizations, partnerships with corporations, and private donors.
At Johns Hopkins, undergraduate students are expected and encouraged to become involved with undergraduate research. In this respect, some undergraduate students have the opportunity to work alongside graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and leading professionals in science to study stem cells in a laboratory setting. Johns Hopkins is also renowned for its academic healthcare centers and its graduate schools of medicine, public health, and international studies. The Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked as the top hospital in the United States in the U.S. News and World Report annual ranking of American hospitals for the 17th year in a row; the medical school ranked second in the nation.
Current Stem Cell Research
Johns Hopkins explains in its publications that one of the greatest discoveries made in medicine was the potential of a single, undifferentiated cell; Johns Hopkins has noted in several instances that the use of a single, undifferentiated cell could be used in the future to address disease, pain, and cancer. The university, along with other organizations and institutions, also realizes that stem cell research raises ethical concerns and that policy and politics on stem cell research must be carefully regulated and balanced by science and medicine. Researchers at Johns Hopkins, and around the globe, are excited about the potential of the stem cell and the prospects of its use as a medical therapy in the future.
John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins discovered that a type of pluripotent stem cell could be isolated from human gonadal tissues in 1998. This stem cell (the embryonic germ cell) seemed similar to human embryonic stem cells discovered in the same year by Dr. James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. However, over the years the embryonic germ cell has not gained widespread use in the scientific community.
Johns Hopkins believes that the use of stem cells for the promotion of human health and lifestyle should be the focus of biomédical experimentation and understanding. Hopkins supports the use of the somatic cell nuclear transferring technique (research cloning) to produce stem cell lines that are genetically identical to the parent cell; the stem cell lines, although controversial for some, give researchers a tool that will allow them to understand the development and progression of the cell and of disease and to predict what sorts of therapies could be used to treat disease and injury.
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- Biology
- Biotechnology, History of
- Cell Sorting
- Cells, Adult
- Cells, Amniotic
- Cells, Developing
- Cells, Embryonic
- Cells, Fetal
- Cells, Human
- Cells, Monkey
- Cells, Mouse (Embryonic)
- Cells, Neural
- Cells, Sources of
- Cells, Umbilical
- Cytogenetic Instability of Stem Cells
- Developmental Biology
- Differentiation, In Vitro and In Vivo
- Division Types (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical)
- Experimental Models
- Feeder/Feeder—Free Culture
- Gut Stem Cells
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Lineages
- Mammary Stem Cells
- Markers of Sternness
- Methods of Growing Cells
- Microenvironment and Immune Issues
- Neuralstem
- Neurosphere Cultures
- Niche Self—Renewal
- Nuclear Reprogramming
- Parthogenesis
- Plant Stem Cells
- Prostate Tissue Stem Cells
- Renal Stem Cells
- Self—Renewal, Stem Cell
- Stem Cell Applications, Articular Cartilage
- Stem Cell Applications, Tendon and Ligament
- Stem—Like Cells, Human Brain
- Tissue Culture
- Transdifferentiation
- Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials Outside U.S.: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Clinical Trials Outside U.S.: Avascular Necrosis
- Clinical Trials Outside U.S.: Severe Coronary Artery Disease
- Clinical Trials Outside U.S.: Spinal Cord Injury
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Batten Disease
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Blind Process
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Cancer
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Heart Disease
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Skin Transplants (Burns)
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Spinal Cord Injury
- Clinical Trials Within U.S.: Traumatic Brain Injury
- Clinical Trials Worldwide
- Countries
- Diseases
- Ethics
- History and Technology
- Birth Dating of Cells by Retrovirus
- Bone Marrow Transplants
- BrdU/Thymidine
- Fluorescence—Activated Cell Sorting
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells
- In Vitro Fertilization
- Mouse ES Cell Isolation
- MRI Tracking
- Non—Human Primate Embryonic Stem Cells
- Nuclear Transfer, Altered
- Nuclear Transfer, Somatic
- Parthogenesis
- Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
- Viral Vectors: Adeno—Associated Virus
- Viral Vectors: Adenovirus
- Viral Vectors: Lentivirus
- Industry
- Institutions
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Bonn University
- Burnham Institute
- Caltech
- Cambridge University
- Case Western Reserve University/Cleveland Clinic
- Children's Hospital, Boston
- Columbia University
- Coriell Institute
- Duke University
- Genetics Policy Institute
- Harvard University
- Indiana University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kyoto University
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Mayo Clinic
- McMaster University
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
- National Academy of Science
- Northwestern University
- Oregon Health & Science University
- Ottawa Health Research Institute
- Oxford University
- Princeton University
- Reeve—Irvine Research Center
- Robarts Research Institute
- Rockefeller University
- Rutgers University
- Salk Institute
- Scripps Research Institute
- Sloan—Kettering Institute
- Stanford University
- Stowers Institute
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Davis
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, San Diego
- University of California, San Francisco
- University of Connecticut
- University of Georgia
- University of Miami
- University of Michigan
- University of Minnesota
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Southern California
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- University of Toronto
- University of Washington/Hutchinson Cancer Center
- University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Vanderbilt of University
- Wake Forest University
- Weill—Cornell Medical College
- Whitehead Institute
- Yale University
- Legal Issues
- Organizations
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Australian Stem Cell Centre
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Canadian Stem Cell Network
- China Stem Cell News
- Christopher Reeve Foundation
- Community of Stem Cell Scientists
- Danish Stem Cell Research Center
- East of England Stem Cell Network
- European Consortium for Stem Cell Research—EuroStemCell
- International Society for Stem Cell Research
- International Stem Cell Forum
- Japan Human Cell Society
- Lasker Foundation
- Medical Research Council UK Stem Cell Initiative
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Stem Cell Bank
- Parkinson's Disease Foundation
- Scottish Stem Cell Network
- Stem Cell Genome Anatomy Projects
- Swiss Stem Cell Network
- UK National Stem Cell Network
- Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- People
- Alvarez—Buylla, Arturo
- Anversa, Piero
- Charo, Robin Alta
- Eaves, Connie
- Eggan, Kevin
- Fuchs, Elaine
- Gage, Fred
- Gearhart, John
- Goldman, Steven A.
- Jaenisch, Rudolf
- Keller, Gordon
- Kriegstein, Arnold
- Lanza, Robert
- Losordo, Douglas
- Macklis, Jeffrey
- McKay, Ronald D. G.
- Melton, Doug
- Morrison, Sean
- Mummery, Christine
- Nottebohm, Fernando
- Okano, Hideyuki
- Orkin, Stuart
- Rao, Mahendra
- Smith, Austin
- Snyder, Evan
- Steindler, Dennis A.
- Studer, Lorenz P.
- Thomson, James
- Van der Kooy, Derek
- Verfaillie, Catherine
- Vescovi, Angelo
- Weissman, Irving
- Wilmut, Ian
- Politics
- Advocacy
- Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research
- Congress: Votes and Amendments (Cloning/Embryos)
- Dickey Amendment
- Do No Harm: The Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics
- National Right to Life Committee
- President's Council on Bioethics
- Presidential Campaigns
- Reagan, Nancy
- Special Interest/Lobby Groups
- Stem Cells, Bush Ruling
- Religion
- States
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
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