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American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is a nonprofit organization devoted to the promotion of statistical practice, applications, and research. Its mission includes improving statistical education, fostering excellence in the statistics profession, and enhancing human welfare. Established in 1839, the ASA currently has 19,000 members in the United States, Canada, and worldwide, and more than 75 chapters and 20 specialized sections. ASA members in government, academia, and the private sector work in diverse areas, including environmental risk assessment, medicine, computing, and social programs.
Formation
The ASA was founded on a commitment to statistical science in service to the public interest, particularly in areas related to public health. The inaugural meeting was held in Boston, Massachusetts, with five founding members: William Cogswell (teacher and genealogist), Richard Fletcher (lawyer and U.S. congressman), John Dix Fisher (physician), Oliver Peabody (lawyer, clergyman, and editor), and Lemuel Shattuck (statistician, genealogist, and publisher). By 1841, the ASA had more than 100 members, primarily in the Boston area; its early membership included Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, and Florence Nightingale. By 1898, the ASA was recognized as a national organization, and membership swelled to more than 500. It is now the largest professional statistical association in the world.
Publications
The ASA publishes refereed journals, books, and newsletters devoted to issues relevant to statistical research and practice. The Journal of the American Statistical Association (founded in 1888 as Publications of the American Statistical Association) is one of the leading journals in the statistical sciences. Biometrics Bulletin was introduced in 1945 to promote the use of statistics in the biological sciences. Technometrics, with a focus on statistics applications in the physical, chemical, and engineering sciences, was launched in 1959. In 1976, with the American Educational Research Association, the ASA launched the Journal of Educational & Behavioral Statistics. Other ASA publications include the Journal of Business & Economic Statistics (1983), the Journal of Computational & Graphical Statistics (1992), the Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics (1996), and the Journal of Statistical Education (1999). An annual Current Index for Statistics was introduced in 1975.
Annual Meetings
The ASA hosts annual meetings, symposia, and research conferences. Joint Statistical Meetings are held in conjunction with International Biometric Society, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and the Statistical Society of Canada and attract more than 5,000 delegates. Activities of the Joint Statistical Meetings include oral presentations, panel sessions, poster presentations, career placement services, committee meetings, and networking opportunities.
Awards and Educational Programs
The ASA offers research grant programs (cosponsored by the National Science Foundation) and numerous scholarships and awards, including the Statistics in Chemistry Award, the Outstanding Statistical Application Award, and the Gertrude Cox Scholarship, awarded annually to encourage women to enter the statistics professions. Through the Center for Statistics Education, the ASA offers workshops, short courses, and internships, including support for graduate and professional education for teachers of kindergarten through Grade 12.
Further Reading
- Biographies
- Babbage, Charles
- Bernoulli, Jakob
- Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio
- Bruno, James Edward
- Comrey, Andrew L.
- Cronbach, Lee J.
- Darwin, Charles
- Deming, William Edwards
- Fisher, Ronald Aylmer
- Galton, Sir Francis
- Gauss, Carl Friedrich
- Gresham, Frank M.
- Jackson, Douglas N.
- Malthus, Thomas
- Markov, Andrei Andreevich
- Pascal, Blaise
- Pearson, Karl
- Poisson, Siméon Denis
- Reynolds, Cecil R.
- Torrance, E. Paul
- Wilcoxon, Frank
- Charts, Graphs, and Visual Displays
- Computer Topics and Tools
- Concepts and Issues in Measurement
- T Scores
- z Scores
- Ability Tests
- Achievement Tests
- Alternate Assessment
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Anthropometry
- Aptitude Tests
- Artificial Neural Network
- Asymmetry of G
- Attitude Tests
- Basal Age
- Categorical Variable
- Classical Test Theory
- Coefficient Alpha
- Completion Items
- Computerized Adaptive Testing
- Construct Validity
- Content Validity
- Criterion Validity
- Criterion-Referenced Test
- Cronbach, Lee J.
- Curriculum-Based Measurement
- Diagnostic Validity
- Educational Testing Service
- Equivalence Testing
- Essay Items
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Face Validity
- Gf-Gc Theory of Intelligence
- Guttman Scaling
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- High-Stakes Tests
- Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
- Information Referenced Testing
- Informed Consent
- Intelligence Quotient
- Intelligence Tests
- Internal Review Board
- Interrater Reliability
- Interval Level of Measurement
- Ipsative Measure
- Item and Test Bias
- Item Response Theory
- KR-20 and KR-21
- Likert Scaling
- Measurement
- Measurement Error
- Metric Multidimensional Scaling
- Multiple-Choice Items
- Multitrait Multimethod Matrix and Construct Validity
- Nomothetic Versus Idiographic
- Ordinal Level of Measurement
- Parallel Forms Reliability
- Performance IQ
- Performance-Based Assessment
- Personality Tests
- Portfolio Assessment
- Predictive Validity
- Projective Testing
- Q Methodology
- Questionnaires
- Ratio Level of Measurement
- Reliability Theory
- Response to Intervention
- Reverse Scaling
- Scaling
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
- Self-Report
- Semantic Differential
- Semantic Differential Scale
- Six Sigma
- Spearman's Rho
- Split Half Reliability
- Standard Error of Measurement
- Standard Scores
- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
- Test-Retest Reliability
- Thurstone Scaling
- Torrance, E. Paul
- True/False Items
- Validity Coefficient
- Validity Theory
- Verbal IQ
- Concepts and Issues in Statistics
- Artificial Neural Network
- Attenuation, Correction for
- Autocorrelation
- Bayesian Statistics
- Bioinformatics
- Central Limit Theorem
- Decision Theory
- Diggle-Kenward Model for Dropout
- DISTATIS
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Factorial Design
- Fourier Transform
- Generalized Additive Model
- Generalized Method of Moments
- Generalized Procrustes Analysis
- Graphical Statistical Methods
- Hierarchical Linear Modeling
- Historiometrics
- Logistic Regression Analysis
- Loglinear Analysis
- Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods
- Matrix Operations
- Mean
- Measurement Error
- Mixtures of Experts
- Nonparametric Statistics
- Propensity Scores
- Rasch Measurement Model
- Regression Analysis
- Sampling Distribution of a Statistic
- Signal Detection Theory
- Simpson's Paradox
- Spurious Correlation
- Standard Error of the Mean
- Standard Scores
- Support Vector Machines
- Survival Analysis
- Type I Error
- Type II Error
- Data and Data Reduction Techniques
- Descriptive Statistics
- Arithmetic Mean
- Attenuation, Correction for
- Autocorrelation
- Average
- Average Deviation
- Bayley Scales of Infant Development
- Biserial Correlation Coefficient
- Class Interval
- Coefficients of Correlation, Alienation, and Determination
- Cognitive Psychometric Assessment
- Cohen's Kappa
- Correlation Coefficient
- Cumulative Frequency Distribution
- Deviation Score
- Difference Score
- Estimates of the Population Median
- Fisher's Z Transformation
- Frequency Distribution
- Galton, Sir Francis
- Grand Mean
- Harmonic Mean
- Histogram
- Kendall Rank Correlation
- Mean
- Measures of Central Tendency
- Median
- Mode
- Moving Average
- Parameter
- Parameter Invariance
- Part and Partial Correlations
- Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
- Pearson, Karl
- Percentile and Percentile Rank
- Scattergram
- Semi-Interquartile Range
- Spurious Correlation
- Standard Deviation
- Survey Weights
- Text Analysis
- Evaluation
- Experimental Methods
- Alternative Hypothesis
- American Statistical Association
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Association for Psychological Science
- Basic Research
- Bioinformatics
- Complete Independence Hypothesis
- Continuous Variable
- Critical Value
- Data Collection
- Data Mining
- Delphi Technique
- Dependent Variable
- Descriptive Research
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Ethical Principles in the Conduct of Research With Human Participants
- Fractional Randomized Block Design
- Hello-Goodbye Effect
- Hypothesis and Hypothesis Testing
- Independent Variable
- Informed Consent
- Instrumental Variables
- Internal Review Board
- Longitudinal/Repeated Measures Data
- Meta-Analysis
- Missing Data Method
- Mixed Models
- Mixture Models
- Moderator Variable
- Monte Carlo Methods
- Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
- Ockham's Razor
- Pairwise Comparisons
- Post Hoc Comparisons
- Projective Testing
- Quasi-Experimental Method
- Sample Size
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
- Significance Level
- Simple Main Effect
- Simulation Experiments
- Single-Subject Designs
- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
- Statistical Significance
- Suppressor Variable
- Variable
- Variable Deletion
- Variance
- Inferential Statistics
- Akaike Information Criterion
- Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
- Bayes Factors
- Bayesian Information Criterion
- Binomial Test
- Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio
- Complete Independence Hypothesis
- Data Analysis ToolPak
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Factorial Design
- Fisher, Ronald Aylmer
- Hierarchical Linear Modeling
- Hypothesis and Hypothesis Testing
- Inferential Statistics
- Logistic Regression Analysis
- Markov, Andrei Andreevich
- Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
- Pairwise Comparisons
- Part and Partial Correlations
- Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
- Type I Error
- Type II Error
- Wilcoxon, Frank
- Organizations and Publications
- Abstracts
- American Doctoral Dissertations
- American Psychological Association
- American Statistical Association
- Association for Psychological Science
- Buros Institute of Mental Measurements
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Educational Testing Service
- Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
- Journal of Statistics Education
- Journal of the American Statistical Association
- National Science Foundation
- Psychometrics
- PsycINFO
- Society for Research in Child Development
- Prediction and Estimation
- Attributable Risk
- Bernoulli, Jakob
- Chance
- Conditional Probability
- Confidence Intervals
- Continuous Variable
- Curse of Dimensionality
- Decision Boundary
- Decision Theory
- File Drawer Problem
- Gambler's Fallacy
- Generalized Estimating Equations
- Law of Large Numbers
- Maximum Likelihood Method
- Nonprobability Sampling
- Pascal, Blaise
- Probability Sampling
- Random Numbers
- Relative Risk
- Signal Detection Theory
- Significance Level
- Three-Card Method
- Probability
- Qualitative Methods
- Samples, Sampling, and Distributions
- Acceptance Sampling
- Adaptive Sampling Design
- Age Norms
- Attrition Bias
- Career Maturity Inventory
- Central Limit Theorem
- Class Interval
- Cluster Sampling
- Confidence Intervals
- Convenience Sampling
- Cumulative Frequency Distribution
- Data Collection
- Diggle-Kenward Model for Dropout
- Gauss, Carl Friedrich
- Heteroscedasticity and Homoscedasticity
- Homogeneity of Variance
- Hypergeometric Distribution
- Kurtosis
- Malthus, Thomas
- Multicollinearity
- Multivariate Normal Distribution
- Nonprobability Sampling
- Normal Curve
- Ogive
- Parameter
- Percentile and Percentile Rank
- Poisson Distribution
- Poisson, Siméon Denis
- Posterior Distribution
- Prior Distribution
- Probability Sampling
- Quota Sampling
- Random Sampling
- Sample
- Sample Size
- Semi-Interquartile Range
- Simpson's Rule
- Skewness
- Smoothing
- Stanine
- Stratified Random Sampling
- Unbiased Estimator
- Statistical Techniques
- k-Means Cluster Analysis
- t Test for Two Population Means
- Binomial Distribution/Binomial and Sign Tests
- Bivariate Distributions
- Bonferroni Test
- Bowker Procedure
- Causal Analysis
- Centroid
- Chance
- Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
- Chi-Square Test for Independence
- Classification and Regression Tree
- Cochran Q Test
- Cohen's Kappa
- Delta Method
- Dimension Reduction
- Discriminant Analysis
- Dissimilarity Coefficient
- Dixon Test for Outliers
- Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test
- Eigendecomposition
- Eigenvalues
- EM Algorithm
- Exploratory Data Analysis
- Factor Analysis
- Factor Scores
- Fisher Exact Probability Test
- Fisher's LSD
- Friedman Test
- Goodness-of-Fit Tests
- Grounded Theory
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for One Sample
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Two Samples
- Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Latent Class Analysis
- Likelihood Ratio Test
- Lilliefors Test for Normality
- Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test)
- McNemar Test for Significance of Changes
- Median Test
- Meta-Analysis
- Multiple Comparisons
- Multiple Factor Analysis
- Multiple Imputation for Missing Data
- Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
- Newman-Keuls Test
- O'Brien Test for Homogeneity of Variance
- Observational Studies
- One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Page's L Test
- Paired Samples t Test (Dependent Samples t Test)
- Path Analysis
- Peritz Procedure
- Scan Statistic
- Shapiro-Wilk Test for Normality
- Structural Equation Modeling
- Tests of Mediating Effects
- Three-Card Method
- Tukey-Kramer Procedure
- Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
- Statistical Tests
- t Test for Two Population Means
- Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
- Behrens-Fisher Test
- Binomial Distribution/Binomial and Sign Tests
- Binomial Test
- Bonferroni Test
- Bowker Procedure
- Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
- Chi-Square Test for Independence
- Classification and Regression Tree
- Cochran Q Test
- Dixon Test for Outliers
- Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test
- Excel Spreadsheet Functions
- Fisher Exact Probability Test
- Fisher's LSD
- Friedman Test
- Goodness-of-Fit Tests
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for One Sample
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Two Samples
- Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Latent Class Analysis
- Likelihood Ratio Test
- Lilliefors Test for Normality
- Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test)
- McNemar Test for Significance of Changes
- Median Test
- Multiple Comparisons
- Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
- Newman-Keuls Test
- O'Brien Test for Homogeneity of Variance
- One- and Two-Tailed Tests
- One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Page's L Test
- Paired Samples t Test (Dependent Samples t Test)
- Peritz Procedure
- Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
- Shapiro-Wilk Test for Normality
- Tests of Mediating Effects
- Tukey-Kramer Procedure
- Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
- Tests by Name
- Adjective Checklist
- Alcohol Use Inventory
- Armed Forces Qualification Test
- Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
- Basic Personality Inventory
- Bayley Scales of Infant Development
- Beck Depression Inventory
- Behavior Assessment System for Children
- Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
- Bracken Basic Concept Scale–Revised
- California Psychological Inventory
- Career Assessment Inventory
- Career Development Inventory
- Career Maturity Inventory
- Carroll Depression Scale
- Children's Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory
- Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit
- Clinical Assessment of Behavior
- Clinical Assessment of Depression
- Cognitive Abilities Test
- Cognitive Psychometric Assessment
- Comrey Personality Scales
- Coping Resources Inventory for Stress
- Culture Fair Intelligence Test
- Differential Aptitude Test
- Ecological Momentary Assessment
- Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
- Embedded Figures Test
- Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence
- Family Environment Scale
- Gerontological Apperception Test
- Goodenough Harris Drawing Test
- Graduate Record Examinations
- Holden Psychological Screening Inventory
- Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities
- Information Systems Interaction Readiness
- Internal External Locus of Control Scale
- International Assessment of Educational Progress
- Iowa Tests of Basic Skills
- Iowa Tests of Educational Development
- Jackson Personality Inventory–Revised
- Jackson Vocational Interest Survey
- Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
- Kinetic Family Drawing Test
- Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment
- Kuder Occupational Interest Survey
- Laboratory Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity
- Law School Admissions Test
- Life Values Inventory
- Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
- Male Role Norms Inventory
- Matrix Analogies Test
- Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic
- Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III
- Minnesota Clerical Test
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- Multidimensional Aptitude Battery
- Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist–Revised
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- NEO Personality Inventory
- Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
- Personal Projects Analysis
- Personality Assessment Inventory
- Personality Research Form
- Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale
- Preschool Language Assessment Instrument
- Profile Analysis
- Projective Hand Test
- Quality of Well-Being Scale
- Raven's Progressive Matrices
- Roberts Apperception Test for Children
- Rorschach Inkblot Test
- Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
- Social Climate Scales
- Social Skills Rating System
- Spatial Learning Ability Test
- Stanford Achievement Test
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
- Strong Interest Inventory
- Stroop Color and Word Test
- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
- System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
- Torrance Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement
- Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
- Vineland Social Maturity Scale
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
- Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
- Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
- West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory
- Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery
- Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests Revised
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