James R. Andrews is a founding member of Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center in Birmingham, Alabama, and a founder and Medical Director of the American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI), a nonprofit institute dedicated to injury prevention, education, and research in orthopaedics and sports medicine. Through ASMI he has mentored more than 250 orthopaedic/sports medicine Fellows and more than 45 primary care sports medicine Fellows. Dr. Andrews is also a founding partner and Medical Director of the Andrews Institute and Andrews-Paulos Research and Education Institute in Gulf Breeze, Florida. A native of Homer, Louisiana, he graduated from Louisiana State University (LSU) in 1963, where he was Southeastern Conference pole vault champion. He completed LSU School of Medicine in 1967 and his orthopaedic residency at Tulane Medical School in 1972. He is a member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and served as the 2009–2010 President of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. He is Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Alabama Birmingham Medical School, the University of Virginia School of Medicine, the University of Kentucky Medical Center, and the University of South Carolina Medical School. Dr. Andrews provides coverage to several collegiate and professional teams including Auburn University, the University of Alabama, the Washington Redskins, the Tampa Bay Rays, and the LPGA. He also serves on the Board of Little League Baseball. Dr. Andrews has been inducted into both Alabama and Louisiana's state Sports Halls of Fame.

John Bergfeld is the former Head of Sports Medicine and now is Senior Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics and Director of the Operating Rooms at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Bergfeld served in the U.S. Navy as Chief of Orthopaedics of the United States Naval Academy, U.S. Naval Hospital, Annapolis, Maryland and aboard the U.S.S. Dubuque (1970–1973) with rank—Commander MC USNR. He served as a President of the American College of Sports Medicine (1984–1985) and as President of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1992–1993). He served as Team Physician for the Cleveland Browns (NFL; 1976–2002), as Team Physician for the Cleveland Cavaliers (NBA; 1986–2001), as Physician to Cleveland Ballet (1976–1990), at Baldwin Wallace College (1996–present) and at the Cleveland Metropolitan Schools (1976–present). He has received numerous awards and honors and presently serves as consultant to the Cleveland Browns and Cavaliers. Dr. Bergfeld founded the Cleveland Rugby Football Club in 1964.

Arthur L. Boland received his M.D. from Cornell University Medical College in1961. After an internship and assistant residency in general surgery at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, he served in the U.S. Army in Germany for two years. He completed the Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program in 1969. Dr. Boland is an assistant clinical professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School, Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Harvard University Health Services, and Emeritus Head Surgeon for the Harvard Athletic Department. Dr. Boland has been an assistant team physician for the New England Patriots and Boston Bruins and was a member of the medical staff of the 1984 Olympic Games. He has also served as team physician for the U.S. Hockey Team at the World Championships in 1993 and has been an orthopedic consultant for the U.S. Rowing Team. Dr. Boland has served on [Page xxvi]numerous committees for several professional organizations, including the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Committee on Sports Medicine and its Committee on Outcomes Research. He has been President and a member of the Board of Directors of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, President of the Herodicus Society, and a member of the program committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society, and he has served on the Strategic Planning and Membership Committees of the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. In 2000 Dr. Boland was the recipient of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's “Mr. Sports Medicine Award: In Recognition and Appreciation for his Outstanding and Meritorious Service to Sports Medicine Throughout the World.” In 2005 he was inducted into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's Hall of Fame, the Society's highest honor.

Robert C. Cantu holds many professional responsibilities, including those of Clinical Professor, Department of Neurosurgery and Co-Director Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine; Senior Advisor to the NFL Head, Neck and Spine Committee; Founding member and Chairman of the Medical Advisory Board Sports Legacy Institute; Adjunct Professor of Exercise and Sport Science and Medical Director of the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, University of North Carolina; Co-Director, Neurologic Sports Injury Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Chief of Neurosurgery Service, Chairman of the Department of Surgery, and Director of Sports Medicine at Emerson Hospital; Neurosurgical Consultant for the Boston Eagles football team; and Neurosurgical Consultant for the Boston Cannons professional soccer team. He has authored over 340 scientific publications, including 22 books on neurology and sports medicine, in addition to numerous book chapters, peer-reviewed papers, abstracts and free communications, and educational videos. Dr. Cantu's 2009 media appearances include providing testimony to Congress on the “NFL and Concussions,” CNN with Lou Dobbs on the NFL Congressional Hearings, CNN Saturday Morning, and 60Minutes, as well as numerous radio programs for NPR and other networks.

Joseph M. Cummiskey attended medical school at University College Dublin from 1964 to 1970. He did his post-graduate training for 10 years in Northern California at Stanford University and the University of California, Davis, where he played and coached the Stanford University team for 3 years. His position then evolved into selection of the Northern Californian team and refereeing on the West coast. He returned to Ireland in 1985 to the then-new Blackrock Clinic. Dr. Cummiskey served as the Honorary Secretary of the Irish Sports Medicine Society from 1985–1988. He was Chief Medical Officer of the Olympic Council of Ireland from 1989–2000. A three year spell as secretary general of the Irish Sports Medicine association was followed by a 10 year spell as the chief medical officer of the Olympic Council of Ireland. He became a member of the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission in 2000. This was followed by joining the executive committee of the European Olympic Committee Medical Commission, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and by being a member of the Medical and Scientific Commission of the European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA). In 2006 he entered the field of International Federations. He was soon on the Union of Cycling Medical Commission, the International Federation of Bobsleigh and Skeleton, and the International Cricket Council Medical Commussion. The most recent election saw him become the President of the European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations, the central body of the 41 countries of Europe.

Eduardo Henrique De Rose was born in Porto Alegre, Brazil, on August 8, 1942—the third son of parents emigrated from Italy. He married Regina Celi Fonticielha in 1967. They have two sons and one daughter. He holds dual citizenship with Brazil and Italy. He graduated with a degree in medicine from the State University of Sciences of Health in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Next he specialized in Sports Medicine at the University of Tours, in Tours, France. He earned a Masters degree in Sports Medicine in the University La Sapienza, in Rome, Italy. He earned an M.D. at the University [Page xxvii]of Cologne in the School of Physical Education in Cologne, Germany. He has been awarded the degree of Doctor “Honoris Causa” of the Pontifical Catholic University in Porto Alegre, Brazil. De Rose has been a strong member and elected board member of many boards and societies. He has been a member of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee since 1984. He has been a member of the foundation board of the World Anti-Doping Agency since 1999. He has been President of the Medical Commission of the Association of National Olympic Committees since since 2003. He has been Honorary President of the International Federation of Sports Medicine since 2002. He has been President of the Medical Commission of the Pan American Sports Association since 1979. He has been Honorary President of the Pan American Confederation of Sports Medicine since 1991. He has been President of the Medical Commission of the South American Sports Organization since 1995. He has been a member of the Medical Commission of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) since 1973. He has been President of the Anti-Doping Commission of the Ministry of Sports of the Brazilian Government since 2002. He has been Secretary General of the National Anti-Doping Organization of Brazil since 2008.

Avery Faigenbaum, Ed.D., is a full professor in the Department of Health and Exercise Science at The College of New Jersey. He serves on the editorial boards of several professional journals and is frequently quoted by national media. He was elected Vice President of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) in 2005 and served on the Massachusetts Governor's Council on Fitness and Sports from 1998 to 2004. He was honored by the NSCA with the 1999 Junior Investigator of the Year Award, the 2000 State Director of the Year Award, and the 2003 Strength and Conditioning Journal Editorial Excellence Award. He is also a Fellow of the NSCA and American College of Sports Medicine. He is the author of numerous scholarly articles, as well as eight books for a general audience, including Youth Strength Training (2010) Youth Fitness (2001), and Progressive Plyometrics for Kids (2006). As an active researcher and practitioner in the field of pediatric exercise science, he continues to develop successful youth strength and conditioning and lecture at professional conferences worldwide

Walter R. Frontera is Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) and Physiology at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). Dr. Frontera completed his medical studies and a residency in PM&R at the University of Puerto Rico and received a doctoral degree in applied anatomy and physiology at Boston University. After completing his training, Dr. Frontera returned to the UPR School of Medicine and in 1993 he became the Chief of the Department of PM&R. In 1995 he spent a sabbatical year at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, in the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology studying the effects of aging. In 1996 he was recruited to Harvard Medical School to establish the Department of PM&R and was appointed the Earle P. and Ida S. Charlton Professor and Chairman of the Department of PM&R at Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital. His primary research interest is the study of the mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy and weakness in the elderly. His research has also included the study of skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with neuromuscular diseases and muscle function with exercise training in patients with HIV. Dr. Frontera's research has been funded mainly by the National Institutes of Health. He has more than 200 scientific publications, including 76 peer-reviewed articles and 11 edited books. Currently, Dr. Frontera serves as the Editor-in-Chief of The American Journal of PM&R. He is a Regional Vice President of the International Society for PM&R; a charter member of the Kottke Society (an honorary society in rehabilitation medicine); and a fellow of the Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP), the American Academy of PM&R, the American College of Sports Medicine, and other societies and organizations. In 2008 he was elected member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (Washington, D.C.), and in 2009, member-at-large of the National Board of Medical Examiners. Dr. Frontera has presented more than 214 invited lectures in 52 countries and served as a grant reviewer and graduate research examiner for universities in Canada, South Africa, and Hong Kong. Active in international sports [Page xxviii]medicine, he is Past-President of the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS). He has received several prestigious awards, including the AAP's Distinguished Academician Award in 2005 and Outstanding Service Award in 2010, the Best Scientific Research Paper (3 times) presented by the American Academy of PM&R, and the Harvard Foundation Award for his contributions to the field of PM&R. He is an honorary member of the Aragonese-Spanish Society of Sports Medicine, the Spanish Federation of Sports Medicine, the Malaysian Society of Sports and Exercise Medicine, the Chilean Society of PM&R, the Dominican Society of PM&R, the Euskalerria Society of Rehabilitation, and the Italian Society of PM&R.

Mary Lloyd Ireland is an orthopaedic surgeon and Associate Professor at the University of Kentucky, in Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. Ireland received her medical degree from the University of Tennessee. Her residency was at the University of California, Irvine, and her fellowships in Sports Medicine were at Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, and Hughston Orthopaedic Clinic, Columbus, Georgia. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and American College of Sports Medicine. She is a member of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society, the American Orthopaedic Association, and an honorary member of the National Athletic Trainers Association. She served as Head Physician at the Olympic Sports Festival in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1990 and as a Medical Staff Member at the Olympics in Barcelona, Spain in 1992. She has published numerous articles and chapters. She is co-editor of The Female Athlete (Saunders 2002) and editor of the AAOS Instructional Course Lectures–Sports Medicine, published (2005). She continues to pursue research on gender differences, and treatment and prevention of knee and shoulder injuries.

Mark Jenkins, the managing editor of the Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine, is the author of several books on sports health, including the Sports Medicine Bible and Sports Wise, both of which he co-authored with Lyle Micheli. His feature articles have appeared in publications as wide-ranging as The Wall Street Journal and Rolling Stone. Mark is a former competitive athlete in rugby and squash, and he continues to play tennis and also bodysurf where he lives on the Island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Mark is well-known locally and nationwide for his humorous National Public Radio (NPR) commentaries about island life.

Mininder S. Kocher is the Associate Director of the Division of Sports Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston and is an Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Kocher graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Dartmouth College where he was a member of the basketball and track and field teams. He graduated with honors from the Duke University School of Medicine. Clinically, Dr. Kocher's practice specializes in pediatric, adolescent, and adult sports medicine. He performs 600–700 operations annually and sees over 100 patients weekly in clinic. He is referred patients nationally and internationally. He lectures locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. He is the head team physician for Babson College, Lasell College, Northeastern University, and the Boston Public School Sports Medicine Initiative. He is a physician for the Boston Ballet, the U.S. Ski Team, USA Track and Field, the Boston Marathon, and US Figure Skating. He has been elected to the elite sports medicine societies: The Herodicus Society and The ACL Study Group. In terms of research, Dr. Kocher is a renown orthopaedic health services researcher. Dr. Kocher has published over 100 peer-reviewed scientific articles, over 30 book chapters, and 3 textbooks. Administratively, Dr. Kocher is the Associate Director of the Division of Sports Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston. He is very involved with numerous professional organizations. He is a consultant reviewer for numerous medical journals and is a grant reviewer for numerous organizations.

John C. Richmond was a cum laude graduate of University of Pennsylvania in 1972 with a degree in Marine Biology. For his four years at University of Pennsylvania, he competed as a lightweight oarsman. John attended Tufts University School of Medicine, and was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha, Medical Honor Society in his junior year, [Page xxix]and was President of that Society in his senior year. His residency training included two years of General Surgery at the Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, and three and half years of Orthopaedic Surgery at Tufts University Combined Orthopaedic Residency. Dr. Richmond is currently a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Tufts University School of Medicine and an Adjunct Professor of Biochemical Engineering at Tufts University. He is the Chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the New England Baptist Hospital, and practices at the Boston Sports and Shoulder Center in Chestnut Hill, MA. He was the Team Physician at Tufts University for 26 years and now serves as a consultant to the Athletic Department. His major focus in practice and research has been in advancing the treatment of the injured athlete, with projects ranging from basic science to long-term clinical outcomes. With various research teams at Tufts University he has received many awards, including the O'Donahue Clinical Research Award and the Cabaud Basic Science Research Award from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.

Martin P. Schwellnus holds an MBBCh (cum laude) from the University of the Witwatersrand, an MSc (Med), and a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Cape Town. He has been awarded fellowships from the American College of Sports Medicine and the International Sports Medicine Federation. Currently he is a full professor in Sports and Exercise Medicine at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Cape Town, a Consultant Sports Physician at the Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic at the Sports Science Institute of South Africa in Cape Town. He is also the Director of the FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) Medical Center of Excellence in Cape Town, and Director of one of only four International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centers in the world. His committee activities are extensive and include the following: Member of the IOC Medical Commission–Medical and Science group, Past Vice President of the International Sports Medicine Federation (FIMS), Vice President of the African Union of Sports Medicine (UAMS), and member of the CAF Medical Committee. He has over 300 publications in international sports medicine and national peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed scientific journals and has authored numerous chapters in sports medicine books. His current main research interests are the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of exercise associated muscle cramps (EAMC); the epidemiology of illness in athletes (including football players); the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of medical conditions in athletes; the bio-mechanics of overuse injuries in sports; genetics and sports injuries; and the epidemiology of injuries in sports.

Angela D. Smith, pediatric orthopaedic surgeon at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and its Sports Medicine and Performance Center, served as president of the American College of Sports Medicine, and received its Citation Award in 2006. She recently completed 2 terms as chair of the Education Commission of the International Federation of Sports Medicine, coordinating and teaching courses for health professionals worldwide. She serves on the advisory boards of the American Fitness Index and the Exercise Is Medicine initiative and is frequently quoted by national and international media. Her interests focus on injury prevention and rehabilitation, particularly for young athletes and for women pursuing sport or fitness activity. Through her clinical practice, public education efforts, and teaching in the University of Pennsylvania School of Landscape Architecture, she aims to improve each person's physical fitness, to improve their health, performance and self-esteem. She pursues her own life-long passion for fitness and skating as a masters competitor, continuing to win Masters Senior medals at the U.S. Adult National Championships, recently becoming the U.S. National Showcase Masters Champion.

William D. Stanish is a professor of Surgery at Dalhousie University, within the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery. He is also Director of the Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Clinic of Nova Scotia and has been since its inception in 1976. He received his medical degree at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Dr. Stanish was awarded the prestigious COA French Traveling Fellowship in 1978. He has held past presidencies in the Canadian Academy [Page xxx]of Sport Medicine, the Orthopaedic Society of Nova Scotia, the Herodicus Sports Medicine Society, and has held executive positions on a number of provincial, national, and international societies. Dr. Stanish was Chief Medical Officer for the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles as well as the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. Dr. Stanish is a past Deputy Editor of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and has held positions on the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Techniques in Knee Surgery, among many others. As a clinical scientist, he has fostered research in the areas of physiology of biomechanics of ligaments and tendons. His peer reviewed publicatoins by 2009 numbered 198. He has co-authored the highly regarded textbooks The Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine and Tendinitis: Its Etiology and Treatment. Dr. Stanish has lectured worldwide and has been the recipient of many medals, honors, and awards.

Willem van Mechelen, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS (1952) is employed by the Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre in Amsterdam as a full professor of Occupational and Sports Medicine. In this capacity he is the head of the Department of Public and Occupational Health (120 fte), codirector of the EMGO+ Institute (350 fte), director of Research Centre Body@Work TNO VUmc and director of the Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre spin-off company Evalua Nederland BV. Willem van Mechelen is a board certified occupational physician, epidemiologist and human movement scientist. He is a editorial-board member of 8 peer-reviewed sports and exercise medicine journals, and associate editor of the Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine and of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health. He has (co-)authored more than 350 papers. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and of the European College of Sports Sciences. In 2010 he received the American College of Sports Medicine citation award.