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The word motivation comes from the Latin word for “to move.” In other words, motivation means to get something or someone from one place to another. Motivation is essential in achieving one's goal, no matter how near or far-reaching. One area of life during which motivation plays a more obvious role is sports and athletic participation. Athletes, young and old, amateur and professional, require something to get them to that next place. Motivation is what gets the couch potato off the couch and into the gym. It provides the incentive for the high school athlete to work toward an athletic scholarship. Motivation helps the injured, professional athlete do what is necessary to recover completely and return to the field of play. Motivation has social benefits as well, including increased self-esteem, improved academic achievement, and decreased high-risk youth behaviors and school attrition. This entry discusses the process of providing healthy motivation to athletes as they strive to achieve their goals.

Motivation is not one moment in time. It does not suddenly come to an individual aspiring to athletic success. Motivation is a process. Although motivated and positive coaches, parents, family, friends, and fellow athletes are important, most of the motivation process comes from within the athlete.

The Motivation Process

Define a Vision

The motivation process consists of three basic parts. The athlete must first define his or her vision. An athlete's vision answers the question of why participating in that sport or learning that new skill is important. A vision provides a picture of the “after” and the inspiration to attain it. In creating a vision, an athlete must first focus on what he or she wants (i.e., I want to improve my fitness level), instead of on what he or she does not want (i.e., I do not want to get hurt while running). The vision should be something the athlete feels passionate about and truly wants for himself or herself. The vision should be as specific and detailed as possible. As the process of determining what he or she may truly want and feel passionate about can be difficult, athletes should allow time to define their vision.

Determine the Current Level

Once an athlete has defined his or her vision, the next step is to determine his or her current standing in relationship to that vision. To move someone or something from one place to another, there must be a starting point from which to determine the necessary distance and effort it will take to achieve the goal. This step requires a realistic assessment of the athlete's physical and mental strengths and weaknesses. It is essential that the athlete remain positive and constructive during this process.

Determine Methods for Achieving Goals

Once an athlete has a vision and understands his or her current level in relation to achieving that vision, he or she must determine how to move toward that vision. Just as defining the vision and assessing the current level can take time, this “how to” process can also be challenging and can be divided into two general parts: specific goal setting and focusing.

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