Corns

History

A patient will usually present with a corn when it becomes painful due to the buildup of excess skin and increased pressure. Increased pressure can result from shoes that are too tight, toe deformities such as hammertoes, bony prominences on the toes, or biomechanical or gait abnormalities that cause the toes to flex, or bend, while walking.

Common sports and dance activities may predispose an individual to the development of corns. Ballet dancers have an increased tendency to develop corns due to the tightness of the pointed shoes they wear.

As there is a whole range of causes for corns, it is important to note that corns are merely the symptom of an underlying condition.

Physical Examination

Corns can be recognized on visual examination of the foot. The doctor will likely evaluate the underlying cause of the corn, such as a bony deformity. A gait analysis and inspection of footwear may be performed to evaluate for any contributing factors of increased pressure.

Occasionally, fluid may develop underneath a corn, causing a painful condition. Drainage of this fluid usually decreases the painful symptoms. Additionally, the fluid can be located deeper, underneath the skin. Bursitis, a painful, inflamed, fluid-filled sac, can develop deep beneath a corn.

Imaging Studies

Radiographs (X-ray films) of the foot may be taken to evaluate the presence of any bony deformities. This will assist in the diagnosis and help direct appropriate treatment of the corn.