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The simple act of going to work every day is an important part of all societies around the world. Through work, we build our self-identity and lifestyle and meet our aspirations. But it is not only having a job that is positive and beneficial; it is also fundamental how one carries out one's work. In this sense, a work ethic is an essential concept in any area of work (e.g., education, science, business, industry), and it is also important in all other spheres of life (e.g., family, hobbies, sports). Consequently, it is a fundamental concept in this encyclopedia, which aims to analyze different aspects of work from an interdisciplinary point of view.

It is possible to define a work ethic as a cultural norm that advocates being personally accountable and responsible for the work that one does and is based on the belief that work has intrinsic value. It is a concept strongly influenced by religion, politics, and history. Probably the most influential writing on work ethics comes from Max Weber in his book about the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. However, the source of the concept lies in the origin of work and in the way people think and feel about work. This entry explains the origin and meaning of the concept, the historical evolution of work and work ethics, the current importance, and the future challenges that may appear in a context of economic difficulties.

Definition

A work ethic is a set of values based on the moral virtues of hard work and diligence. This concept involves characteristics such as honesty (not lying, cheating, or stealing) and accountability. Essentially, a work ethic boils down to what one does or would do in a particular situation. The first decision is to choose between what is right and acceptable and what is wrong and unacceptable. Thus, doing a job well, valuing what one does, having a sense of purpose, and feeling part of a greater plan become vital to working well.

Much research has shown that the main characteristics of a work ethic can be summarized using three terms: interpersonal skills, initiative, and dependability. Other characteristics associated with this concept are reliability and the pursuit of new skills. On the Internet, it is possible to find a list of 10 steps toward a better work ethic: attendance and punctuality, character (honesty, reliability, self-discipline, self-responsibility), teamwork (respecting the rights of others, being a team worker, being cooperative, being assertive), good appearance, positive attitude and self-confidence, productivity, organizational skills, clear verbal and nonverbal communication, cooperation and good relationships, and respect for oneself and for other people.

In short, a work ethic includes not only how one thinks and feels about the job but also how one does that job. This involves attitude, behavior, respect, communication, and interaction. A person's work ethic reveals many things about who he/she is and his/her characteristics, both at work and at play. Roger B. Hill, in his Web page about work ethics, affirms that in sports, a work ethic is frequently mentioned as a characteristic of good players. It is clear that a work ethic is usually associated with people who work hard and well.

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