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Entry-Level Work
In the workplace environment, entry-level positions are beginning points for people with little training, no experience, or limited skill. These positions generally offer a minimum wage or receive less compensation than those requiring more experience. One example is a cashier at a supermarket. However, entry level might also refer to a starting position for persons who have some prior training or relevant work experience, but in limited quantities or quality. This may be the case for recent graduates from vocational schools, colleges, or universities.
These entry-level positions will generally offer more than the minimum wage and compensation. The cashier, for example, may be promoted to an entry-level shift supervisor position; the vocational school graduate may find a position as an entry-level apprentice; or the college graduate may secure a position as an entry-level accountant. Entry level might also refer to a starting position designed for a person who has acquired skills or who has demonstrated sufficient experience in a training role. For example, an experienced shift supervisor may be promoted to an entry-level management position. This type of entry-level position might consist of duties and responsibilities appropriate only for someone who has demonstrated skill or sufficient experience in a subordinate role. The compensation and benefits for this type of entry-level position are generally greater than that received in the two previous examples. Likewise, professional occupations such as lawyers, physicians and surgeons, and dentists require a professional degree as the typical form of entry-level education. Therefore, entry-level positions exist at different levels within a given industry or organizational structure and across various job domains. Entry-level jobs can be characterized by variability. The common characteristic is the beginning role and foundational set of duties and responsibilities.
Nature of Change in Required Abilities
Unlike positions with broadly defined roles and responsibilities for decision making and the management of resources, products, services, or people, entry-level positions vary according to market demands and what an organization needs in order to remain competitive in the local/global market economy. This cycle of variability and change shapes the organizational and economic forms around it, such that the skills and abilities needed for entry-level positions may be characterized as adaptable and flexible, and may even need to be customized for a particular product, service, or organizational demand.
Therefore, just as the reference to entry-level employment may vary depending on the specific job context, the importance of specific employable skills for different types of entry-level employment may also change over time because of the evolution of knowledge, technology, training, education, and globalization. The skills and abilities considered important for maintaining a productive workforce in today's economy may not have been considered important 10 or 20 years ago. Factors that affect the utilization of skills and perhaps entire occupational groups within given industries include automation and downsizing, domestic or offshore outsourcing, organizational changes, and job restructuring. Employers and workers explore ways to resolve the issue of changing needs for specific skills and abilities with a focus on workplace modifications, job redesign, and creative ways to train and develop entry-level employees in the existing workforce. Given the dynamic nature of economic demands and organizational resources, some employers include recruitment strategies within the scope of considerations for entry-level positions.
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- Digital and Computer Revolution: Reshaping Jobs and Workplaces
- Biotechnology
- Call Centers
- Computer Programmers
- Computer-Mediated Work
- Electronic Surveillance
- Engineers
- Film Industry Workers
- High-Tech and Internet Industry, Employment in
- Innovation
- Management Information Systems
- Management, Scientific
- Media Workers
- Networked Organizations
- Networks
- Occupations, Distribution of
- Open Source Movement
- Polarized Workforce
- Social Media
- Systems Analysts
- Telecommunications Workers
- Telework
- Training and Skill Acquisition
- Employment Relationships
- “Good” Employment Model, Rise and Erosion of
- At-Will Employment
- Boundaryless Careers
- Casual Labor and Informal Economy
- Contingent Work
- Contract Workers
- Contract, Employment (Common Law)
- Contracts
- Disappearing Work
- Employability
- Employee Participation
- Employee Stock Ownership Plans
- Employee Voice
- Employment Relationship
- Entrepreneurship
- Flexible Scheduling
- Franchises
- Freelancing
- Glass Cage
- Headhunters
- Japanese Transplants
- Job Security
- Job Sharing
- Job Tenure
- Labor Market Intermediaries
- Labor Markets, External
- Outsourcing and Subcontracting
- Risk Shift
- Self-Employment
- Seniority
- Teamwork
- Temporary Placement Agencies
- Temporary Work
- Turnover
- Undocumented Workers
- Walmart Employment Template
- Welfare-to-Work
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- Alienation
- Bureaucracy
- Corporate Closet
- Cubicles
- Deception
- Distractions, Online
- Dress Codes
- Drug Testing
- Dual-Career Couples
- Emotion
- Ethics
- Face Time
- Feeling Rules
- Game Playing
- Gossip
- Health and Safety
- Illness
- Meetings
- Office Artifacts
- Organizational Structure, New Forms of
- Power
- Productivity
- Project Management
- Resistance, Gendered and Racialized
- Social Interactions at Work
- Stress
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- Work Overload
- Globalization and Cross-National Perspectives on Work
- Brazil
- Canada
- Child Labor
- China
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- France
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- India
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- Labor Markets
- Logistics Revolution
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- Multinational Corporations
- Singapore
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Sweden
- Inequality, Stratification, and Power at Work
- “Big Squeeze”
- “Blacks on the Bubble”
- “Doing Gender”
- Authority Gap
- Benefits
- Bodies
- Boundary Work
- Cognitive Biases
- Comparable Worth
- Control, Workplace
- Crime as Work
- Cultural Capital
- Disabled Workers
- Discouraged Workers
- Discrimination, Employment
- Discrimination: Institutional, Statistical, and Direct
- Displaced Workers
- Disposable Workers
- Diversity Programs
- Downward Mobility
- Education and Work
- Gatekeepers
- Gender Gap
- Gendered Organizations
- Glass Ceiling
- Glass Escalator
- Homophily
- Homosocial Reproduction
- Human Capital
- Human Relations Theory
- Ideal Worker
- Impression Management
- Income Inequality
- Inequality, Policies to Correct
- Invisible Work
- Job Quality
- Job Queues Theory
- Jobs, Marginal
- Labor Force Participation
- Labor Force Participation Rates
- Labor, Devaluation of
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Workers
- Life Course
- Men in Women's Jobs
- Minimum-Wage and Low-Wage Jobs
- Mobility Mechanisms
- Moonlighting
- Occupational Segregation by Gender and Race
- Organizational Wage Inequality
- Poverty
- Precarious Labor
- Revolving Door Theory
- Sex Typing
- Sexual Harassment
- Sexuality
- Social Capital
- Sticky Floor
- Sweatshops
- Tokenism
- Underemployed Workers
- Unemployment
- Whistleblowing
- White-Collar Crime
- White-Collar Sweatshop
- Women in Men's Jobs
- Workforce Development
- Working Poor
- Labor Movement and Other Forms of Collective Action
- Boycotts, Consumer
- Collective Bargaining
- Eight-Hour Day
- Government Regulation of Employment, U.S.
- Human Rights Campaigns
- Immigrants, Organizing
- Labor Law
- Living Wage Campaign
- Moral Underground
- Organized Labor
- Organized Labor, Cross-National Perspective
- Social Responsibility, Corporate
- Social Support Programs
- Strategies, New Organizing
- Strikes and Protests
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- Union and Community Partnerships
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- Unionism, Social Movement
- Unionized Professionals
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- Unions, Craft
- Unions, Gender and Race in
- United Students for Fair Trade
- Weekend
- Worker Centers
- Occupations and Professions, Labor Processes, Jobs, and Careers
- “Fun” Workplaces
- Assembly
- Blue-Collar Jobs
- Brown-Collar Jobs
- Care Work
- Career Ladders
- Clerical Work
- Cool Industries
- Craft Work
- Creative Class
- Day Labor
- Dead-End Jobs
- Deskilling and Upgrading
- Direct Sales Work
- Dirty Work
- Domestic Work, Paid
- Emotional Labor
- Entry-Level Work
- Facebook as Labor
- Feminization of Work
- Health Care Professions
- Information Technology Workers
- Job Creation
- Jobs and Careers
- Knowledge Workers
- Labor, Aesthetic
- Managers
- Manufacturing
- Military
- Nonprofits
- Nonstandard Work
- Occupations and Professions
- Part-Time Work
- Pink Collar
- Professional Work
- Professionalization
- Retail Employment
- Semiprofessionals
- Service Work
- Sex Work
- Skilled Work
- Small Business
- Soft Skills
- Supervisors
- Symbolic Analysts
- Tacit Skills
- Teen Employment
- Tipping
- Unskilled Work
- Wall Street Jobs
- White Collar
- Theories of Work and Economy Key Concepts
- “Good” Jobs and “Bad” Jobs
- “McDonaldization”
- “New Economy”
- “Prosumer”
- 24/7 Economy
- Alternative Organizations and Cooperatives
- Bell, Daniel
- Bendix, Reinhard
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Braverman, Harry
- Burawoy, Michael
- Command Economies
- Dual Labor Markets
- Durkheim, Émile
- Edwards, Richard
- End of Work
- Feminist Theories of Work
- Firms
- Fordism and Post-Fordism
- Foucault, Michel
- Globalization
- Goffman, Erving
- Granovetter, Mark
- Hochschild, Arlie
- Human Resources
- Internal Labor Markets
- Kanter, Rosabeth Moss
- Markets and Economies
- Marx, Karl
- Mergers and Acquisitions
- Neoliberalism
- Personnel Professionals
- Postbureaucratic Organizations
- Postindustrial Society
- Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
- Restructuring, Corporate
- Right-to-Work
- Smith, Adam
- Starbucks Employment Model
- Technology
- Weber, Max
- Work Redesign
- Work, Definitional
- Unpaid Work
- Work and Identity, Social Psychology of Work
- “Organization Man”
- Consumption
- Culture, Employment
- Culture, Workplace
- Dignity
- Free Agents
- Gendered Work Identities
- Identity at Work
- Job Satisfaction
- Leisure
- Lifestyle Work
- Loyalty
- Meaning
- Motivation
- Overqualified and Overeducated
- Personality
- Race and Ethnic Groups
- Terkel, Studs
- Values
- Women's and Men's Employment, Temporal Dimensions of
- Work Ethic
- Work, Family, and Personal Life
- “Unfinished Revolution”
- Boundaries between Home and Market, Blurred
- Career Mystique
- Child Care
- Class and Families
- Computer Widows and Orphans
- Elder Care
- Family-Responsive Corporations
- Family-Supportive State and Federal Policies
- Fathers at Home
- Home Production
- Households, Changing Demographic Composition of
- Housework
- Male Model of Career
- Motherhood Penalty and Daddy Bonus
- Mothering, Ideologies of
- Opting Out
- Overwork
- Retirement
- Second Shift
- Stay-at-Home Mothers
- Work Spillover
- Work/Life Balance
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