Saudi Arabia

The Role of the Absolute Monarchy

An absolute monarchy, Saudi Arabia also complies with Islamic law and the Qur'an, with no political parties or elections permitted. The royal family approves successors to the throne, which consists of the first king, Abdul Aziz Al Saud, and his sons and grandsons. The king plays a vital role in politics, as he is also the prime minister and chair of the Council of Ministers. The king has the ability to make executive decisions in many of the country's important matters, including defense, finance, and the economy. Another important role in the political area is played by a group of religious leaders known as the ulema. This group is allowed to appeal to the king and royal courts, but citizens are prohibited from participation in government. The media is also banned from reporting on political issues that may conflict with royal decisions.

Saudi Arabia creates a haven for Muslims, as it is considered the “cradle of Islam.” An estimated 97 percent of the population is Muslim, and the Saudi Arabian government enforces laws that encourage the promotion of the Muslim faith. Non-Muslim worship is prohibited in public and may be practiced in private only; therefore, strong non-Muslim faith-based networks flourish in the kingdom. It is also illegal to openly convert from Islam to another faith and is punishable by death. The Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (CPVPV) is in charge of protecting the country's religious laws and enforcing punishment of those who do not abide. Any buildings or structures of other religions are strictly forbidden by the government and do not exist in the country, even for foreign officials. Many historical buildings and structures can still be found; however, a large number of historical buildings have been destroyed over the past 50 years.

Mecca and Medina, considered two of the holiest cities in Islam, welcome many travelers of the Islamic faith, which facilitates social networking of worshippers. These [Page 756]cities also become the focus of many tourists as they travel to see historical sites and cultural scenes of past generations. To preserve the rich history of the country, the king and royal family are keepers of these well-known buildings. Most of the structures are places of worship or rest for past leadership. However, the Saudi government does not encourage the worship of or any special attention to these buildings, as it is considered idolatry.

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