Costa Rica

Costa Rica is located in Central America. The population is mainly mestizo (mixed), but there are also a number of indigenous groups and Afro–Costa Ricans. The country has a strong Roman Catholic colonial heritage, and religion remains a key component of society. Extended family networks are vital and the main form of social networking for most Costa Ricans. Internet access has grown dramatically, with e-mail and social networking the most utilized functions.

Costa Rica is geographically and biologically diverse. A national identity developed after independence and is based in part on the people's pride in the natural environment, political stability, and high social welfare levels. In the past, many mestizos referred to themselves as white to distinguish themselves from the indigenous and Afro–Costa Rican populations. This practice has diminished in modern times. Some indigenous groups, like the Bribri, Cabecar, and Guaymi, maintain a separate way of life, while others, such as the Matambu, have assimilated to a greater degree.

Religion has traditionally been an important component of Costa Rican society and culture. Roman Catholicism is the dominant state-sponsored religion, although evangelical Protestantism has made significant inroads. Evangelical Protestants follow stricter codes of social conduct. There is a small, largely nonobservant Jewish population. Many Costa Ricans blend Catholicism with indigenous beliefs and the use of traditional healers. Many public holidays and social occasions have a religious basis, such as Holy Week, Easter, Christmas [Page 188]Eve processions, and saints celebrations such as the national feast of Costa Rica's patron saint Our Lady of Los Angeles. Fifteen-year-old girls hold quince celebrations to mark their societal debut.

Traditional Costa Rican society was hierarchical but also fluid in most regions. The elite consisted of upper-class descendants of the original Spanish conquistadors and wealthy immigrants. Coffee processors and exporters rose to prominence in the 19th century. The modern elite has adopted Western displays of material possessions as a status symbol. Elite businessmen influence politics through organized camaras while workers form labor unions or solidarista associations to benefit fellow members. Costa Rica also features a sizable middle class and a large population of peasants and urban poor. The urban poor often live crowded together in slums or squatter shanties.

Extended family networks are a basic social component, as in much of Latin American culture. Extended families often live in close proximity, and many people's social lives center on family visits and special occasions. Family also determines most Costa Ricans' political party affiliation. Costa Rican society emphasizes politeness and formality in public contact, although informal gossip networks can be negative. Much socialization in towns and cities occurs in a central plaza that houses outdoor entertainment facilities, while most villages feature grassy areas for entertainment or sports. Public secular holidays such as Independence Day (September 15) or prominent national events such as elections or soccer championships often fill the streets with revelers. Bars, clubs, and restaurants are also common gathering sites.

Soccer is dominant as both a spectator and participant sport, and people gather to support the national team in international events. Rodeos, bicycling, boxing, wresting, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and golf are also popular sports. Artists, writers, and musicians receive both state and private support. There are theater companies, national youth and adult orchestras, a national opera, classical musicians, and popular and folk bands. Going to the movies is popular among young people, although dating is not common. Portable radios and televisions are widespread.

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