Chile

Social Class and Family

Chilean society is highly class conscious, with class the main focus of social segregation and discrimination. Although Chileans are less ethnically conscious than their Latin American counterparts, there is a strong correlation between ethnicity and social class. Upper, middle, and lower classes generally live in separate neighborhoods, from the exclusive elite neighborhoods close to the Andes to the poor callampas (shantytowns), or low-income housing on the outskirts of cities. This social segregation carries over to the school system as well as to speech patterns. People are generally expected to socialize and marry within their social class.

Reduced poverty levels have not removed the disparity between rich and poor or its social impact, and there is little fluidity between social classes. Upper classes look down upon those who acquire finer houses or lifestyles through recent wealth. The lower-class poor rely on state government programs established under the Fund for Solidarity and Social Investment, family connections, and religious and social NGOs for social welfare programs. Key areas of reform have included women's and indigenous rights, human rights, employment, and agricultural work.

[Page 123]Although average family size has decreased, nuclear household units and extended family networks of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins remain important forms of socialization and welfare, especially for the poor. Families keep in touch through telephone conversations, gatherings and dinners, special occasion celebrations, e-mail, and online social networking. Communal barbecues known as asados are especially popular. Families and communities also gather to celebrate important secular national holidays, including Labor Day (May 1), Independence Day (September 18), Dia de la Raza (Columbus Day, October 12), and New Year's Eve.

Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. The Church historically played a dominant role in politics and society from the colonial period. The Church has worked in the areas of human rights, social justice, divorce, and abortion. Membership in Protestant religions, particularly the Pentecostal Church, is increasing. Chileans communally observe a number of religious occasions throughout the year, which include the Immaculate Conception (December 8), Christmas, and Easter. One of the largest and best-known celebrations is the Festival of La Tirana.

...