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Anthropology is broadly defined as the science of the study of human behavior. The four subdivisions of the discipline of anthropology are archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology. Within each of these subdisciplines are smaller interest groups with specific foci and specialization. Behaviors that are studied by anthropologists include the social and cultural behaviors of groups. In fact, an anthropologist is attributed with having first used the term network to describe social structures. Within these behaviors, anthropologists examine the communications and connections of the group. Each of these four subdivisions has its own approach to the study of these social networks within groups.

There are a variety of networks available to the worldwide anthropological community. These forums for conversation, collaboration, and information sharing advance the research and promote the discipline. The topics discussed on these various networks represent almost all areas of anthropological research. The recent use of popularity of social networking tools among all humans has given anthropologists new discussion topics. As scholars of human behavior, anthropologists are contributing to the current conversation and research on social networking and new media. Not only are anthropologists using available technologies for their own social networking, they are also studying the very same tools that they use. Cultural anthropologists are studying new media tools, virtual worlds where social networking takes place, and the use and effect of digital media such as blogs and Twitter, and even the anthropology of YouTube.

The Four Anthropological Subdivisions

The work of archaeologists is often associated with excavations and retrieving and analyzing physical artifacts. This is not the only means used by archaeologists to study the cultural and social behaviors of a group. The Internet has become the “hole” and the data are the artifacts. Archaeologists are able to study social networking by finding and analyzing these data artifacts on the Internet in order to study the social networks as well as the individuals who use them.

Linguistic anthropologists focus on the study of language and how that language influences and shapes social identity and groups. How a group communicates through language is an important part of linguistic anthropologists' contribution to the study of social networks. Using current technologies, linguist anthropologists study the new words and language that have been created as a result of social networking tools and their use.

Physical anthropologists study the physical makeup of primates, particularly the brain, when studying the ability to maintain social relationships. Studying the social networks of a group leads to an analysis of the brain's capacity to communicate with other individuals. Research such as that of Robin Dunbar has focused on the actual number of relationships possible, both physical and virtual.

Social and cultural anthropologists have contributed to the study of social networking and the development of social network analysis through their approach to anthropology. By studying kinship and social relationships, cultural anthropologists are often investigating the structure and meaning of a group's social networks.

Anthropologists have contributed to the study of social networks, but they have also created their own anthropological networks in order to communicate and collaborate while conducting their study of human behaviors.

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