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Public sentiment about various issues—whether they be social, political, or scientific—stands at the heart of any democratic system. Citizens express their opinions and convey their interests to decision makers, who ideally should consider such views when implementing policy. The news media, charged with informing citizens about the world around them, highlight events, issues, and concerns and often report public opinion about these concerns. For science-related issues as for many others, opinion polls are a news staple.

In their daily interactions, some citizens seek information and advice from others, while others attempt to persuade their friends and family to adopt particular views or vote for a specific candidate. Indeed, assessing public opinion on a particular issue and identifying the forces that shape such sentiment are critical in understanding society. Despite theoretical and methodological differences in studies of public opinion, individuals interested in this field often turn to the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR).

Founded in 1947, AAPOR is a nonprofit professional association of individuals interested in the study and measurement of public opinion. Its membership is roughly evenly distributed across academia (in disciplines that include communication, health sciences, political science, psychology, and political science); the commercial sector (for example, market research companies, polling organizations, the news media); and government and nonprofit organizations.

Alongside its sister organization, the World Association for Public Opinion Research, and through its activities and those of its seven regional chapters, AAPOR is dedicated to several key missions, including the advancement of theory and methodology related to public opinion research and the upholding of professional standards.

Advancement of Public Opinion Theory and Methods

AAPOR's efforts toward the advancement of public opinion research manifest themselves in various forms. Its official journal, Public Opinion Quarterly, reaches an interdisciplinary audience with theoretical and methodological studies of public opinion, analyses of public opinion trends, and book reviews of relevant monographs.

AAPOR also promotes public opinion research through its annual conference. At its conference, researchers from around the globe present the latest research on a variety of topics, including elections and voting (such as the influence of race, gender, and partisanship on vote choice, or the accuracy of exit polling); methodological issues (involving measurement issues, sampling, questionnaire design, interviewer effects, Web surveys, and the problem of nonre-sponse); and public opinion on specific political and social issues such as health care, the environment, gay marriage, stem cell research, or immigration. Sessions at the AAPOR conference also deal with the latest technologies used to collect public opinion data and the impact of technological shifts (such as the increasing number of cell-phone-only telephone users) on the validity of the data collected.

Professional Standards

AAPOR is committed to maintaining high standards of scientific competence and integrity in all phases of research ranging from data collection to the reporting of such data. The organization has been responsible for creating a number of standard definitions related to public opinion research. For example, response rates, or the proportion of eligible sample units (generally, individual respondents) cooperating in a survey, have declined significantly in recent years. This decline is noteworthy because it has led consumers of public opinion data to question the quality of the survey conducted. According to such a perspective, how much faith can one have in survey data collected when over half the individuals contacted to participate in the survey refused to do so?

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