Developmental Milestones

Developmental milestones are important, measurable indicators of an individual's growth that are evaluated based upon age. Each milestone is associated with a specific age and indicates typical development, although the age at which a typically developing child reaches each of these milestones may vary considerably. The variability in the age that children reach these milestones results from the interaction between [Page 158]genetic and environmental factors. These developmental indicators are commonly used among infants and young children to assess their growth in a variety of areas. Examples of developmental milestones include children's first steps and words. Parents and professionals may observe these developmental areas to assess for delays, or reaching a milestone at a later-than-expected age. Delays in any area may affect future developmental capabilities, depending on the length and severity of the delay. If a delay is detected in any developmental area, professionals may search for the etiology and encourage early intervention.

Although development is frequently viewed holistically, developmental milestones are often applied to specific domains of development. Some of the most prominent areas in which development is assessed include the physical, cognitive, language, and social domains. Physical development entails all physical growth that changes a child's body, and includes such things as coordination and motor skills. Cognitive development refers to mental processes and includes memory and the ability to learn, among others. Language growth encompasses language acquisition and development and includes babbling and baby talk, as well as more advanced expressive language skills. Social development consists of social indicators that demonstrate adjustment to the social environment and includes emotion and interactions with others.

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