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Visual narrative inquiry is an intentional, reflective, active human process in which researchers and participants explore and make meaning of experience both visually and narratively. Visual narrative inquirers work from a position where experience is an undivided continuous interaction between humans and their environments that includes thoughts, feelings, doings, and perceiving. Visual narrative inquiry builds from a view of narrative inquiry as a study of experience as story and as a way of thinking about experience. Narrative inquiry as a methodology entails a narrative understanding of experiences. Visual narrative inquiry adds the layer of meaning so that photographs and visuals become ways of living and telling one's stories of experience.

The Field of Narrative Inquiry

Relation to Narrative Inquiry

The field of visual narratives has developed over the past 10 years or so as visual narrative inquirers have included images, in particular photographs, to deepen the ways in which researchers can understand experience. Visual narrative inquirers bring photographs into the metaphorical three-dimensional space of narrative inquiry with its dimensions of sociality, temporality, and place. Each discipline and field of study brings different ways of understanding and different contexts of visual study of experience to the methodology of narrative inquiry.

Philosophical Underpinnings

The origins of visual narrative inquiry are located in John Dewey's views of experience. Thus, for Dewey, humans are not “subjects” or “isolated individuals” who need to “build bridges” to go over to other humans or the things of nature; rather, humans are originally and continually tied to their environment, organically related to it, changing it even as it changes them. Humans are fundamentally attached to what surrounds them. The Deweyan view of experience is further informed by the works of philosophers such as Mark Johnson and David Carr and of literary theorists such as Carolyn Heilbrun and Mary Catherine Bateson. The works of Judy Weiser, Jo Spence, and Robert Ziller also inform explorations of visuality within narrative inquiry.

The Process of Visual Narrative Inquiry

Working within the relational methodology of visual narrative inquiry, researchers become aware of the intentionality and the ethics of listening and seeing the stories that children, youths, and adults share through the process of the inquiry. There is a need for visual narrative researchers to stay engaged with the ongoing ethical negotiations of working visually. This also calls attention to how visual researchers rely on a visual world that is endless and constantly changing: What is missing? What is dismissed? What is not seen? Visual narrative inquiry is a recursive process of engaging with participants in taking photographs and telling stories of those photographs over time. Visual narrative inquirers, as they engage with participants, discuss the possibilities and limitations of composing photographs, collecting photographs, and conversing with/through/about photographs.

Narrative inquiry is always composed around a particular wonder or puzzle, and visual narrative inquiry also begins with a sense of puzzle or uncertainty. As with narrative inquiry in general, visual narrative inquiry begins with the researcher's autobiographical lived experience, and the researcher's own stories of experience shape the relational space with participants. In the visual narrative inquiry process, the shared photographs and conversations are viewed and re-viewed over time. Visual narrative inquirers listen and re-listen to conversation tapes, and look and re-look at participants' photographs, as they turn both toward the inner and the outer—the personal and the social—of both their own lives and their participants' lives to reflect, meditate, and inquire into the storied experiences that are co-created with participants and researchers. Many visual narrative inquiries work with participants who are active in their subcultures. Visual narrative inquiry has the possibility of deepening insight into what is evaded by inquiring into the stories and photographs of everyday experiences of participants who are typically not seen or heard by those outside of the particular subculture.

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