Research Proposal

Parts of a Research Proposal

Typically, there are several fundamental parts of any research proposal. One key piece is the justification for the research, which addresses the purpose of the research, answering the “so what?” question. This is where the researcher has the opportunity to make the case for the research, whether resources are being requested or not. This case should be made as convincingly as possible, with reference to both short- and long-term potential interest and value. Justifying the importance of the research requires that the research questions be contextualized in terms of a larger research problem and tied to larger questions of theoretical and/or practical importance. That context includes reviewing the literature to indicate what has been researched in the area to date and to demonstrate a need for further research; that is, for the particular piece of research being proposed. Specific research objectives may or may not be expected; however, the proposal must articulate the specific research questions that the study will address. These questions should flow logically from the research problem or context. The overall research design articulates how the research questions will be addressed. In this section, the methodology or theoretical perspective to be taken should be explicated. Will the study take a constructionist or phenomenological approach? What is the theoretical lens through which the study is being conceived? What will be the theoretical basis for data analysis and interpretation?

In addition, specific data collection methods are also described, including addressing the questions relating to what, where, when, how, and about whom data will be collected. Will people be involved as research participants? If so, how will principles of ethical research conduct with people be upheld? The researcher should be aware of where formal ethics approval needs to be obtained and should either have that ethical approval included as part of the proposal or indicate an intention to obtain approval. Known limitations and parameters of the study, as well as assumptions on the part of the researcher, should be stated. Qualitative research proposals should address the methods being employed to ensure trustworthiness (e.g., triangulation of methods, member checking). Sometimes expected venues for dissemination of the research results are articulated in the proposal. A timeline for the study is a useful addition to help the researcher think realistically and ensure feasibility. The final logistical element is to make clear what other resources are needed to complete the work (e.g., funding, personnel, equipment, supplies). These logistical elements must be carefully considered and researched to ensure accuracy; this kind of precision is important to demonstrate competence on the part of the researcher. The role of the principal investigator [Page 786](presumably the author of the proposal) should be made clear, whether the researcher is conducting the study alone or with the assistance of others. Sometimes a proposal includes some description of the principal investigator's background, which provides assurance of the experience and skill set necessary to ensure success of the proposed study.

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