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Ringelmann Effect
The Ringelmann effect is a systematic reduction of individual effort on a task as the number of people performing the task increases. The effect, named after Maximilien Ringelmann, who first reported it in 1913, was described in 1927 by Walther Moede in a German journal on industrial psychology. According to Moede, Ringelmann found that when groups of coworkers pulled on a rope, their collective group performance was inferior to the sum of their abilities to pull it individually. Furthermore, as a group increased in size from one to eight members, the discrepancy between the group's potential and its actual performance ...
- Cognitions and Feelings
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- Brainstorming
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- Children: Stereotypes and Prejudice
- Cognitive Consistency
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- False Consensus Effect
- Group Cohesiveness
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- Group Learning
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- Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
- Groupthink
- Hidden Profile Task
- Homophobia
- Identity Control Theory
- Ideology
- Illusion of Group Effectivity
- Illusory Correlation
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- Intergroup Anxiety
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- Language and Intergroup Relations
- Leader Categorization Theory
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- Linguistic Intergroup Bias (LIB)
- Modern Forms of Prejudice
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- Multiple Identities
- Need for Closure
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- Perceived Group Variability
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- Ultimate Attribution Error
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- Conflict and Cooperation within Groups
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- Emergent Norm Theory
- Escalation of Commitment
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Faultlines
- Frustrationaggression Hypothesis
- Graduated Reciprocation in Tension Reduction (GRIT)
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Emotions
- Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
- Group Structure
- Inclusion/Exclusion
- Ingroup Allocation Bias
- Interdependence Theory
- Interindividual/Intergroup Discontinuity
- Jigsaw Classroom Technique
- Justice
- Mediation
- Minimal Group Effect
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- Need for Power
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- Relative Deprivation
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- Team Negotiation
- Therapy Groups
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- Group Decision Making
- Anticonformity
- Asch, Solomon
- Brainstorming
- Cliques
- Coalitions
- Collective Induction
- Common Knowledge Effect
- Computer Simulation
- Conformity
- Delphi Technique
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Escalation of Commitment
- Graduated Reciprocation in Tension Reduction (GRIT)
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Composition
- Group Emotions
- Group Memory
- Group Mind
- Group Motivation
- Group Performance
- Group Polarization
- Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
- Group Structure
- Group Task
- Groupthink
- Hidden Profile Task
- Idiosyncrasy Credit
- Inclusion/Exclusion
- Informational Influence
- Juries
- Leniency Contract
- Mediation
- Minority Influence
- Moscovici, Serge
- Need for Closure
- Negotiation and Bargaining
- Normative Influence
- Norms
- Obedience to Authority
- Opinion Deviance
- Power
- Power Dependence Theory
- Reference Groups
- Referent Informational Influence Theory
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Relational Model of Authority in Groups
- Shared Mental Models
- Sherif, Muzafer
- Social Decision Schemes
- Social Networks
- Status
- Status Characteristics/Expectations States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- Team Negotiation
- Trust
- Work Teams
- Group Performance and Problem Solving
- Boundary Spanning
- Brainstorming
- Charismatic Leadership
- Collaboration Technology
- Communication Networks
- Computermediated Communication
- Contingency Theories of Leadership
- Cooperative Learning
- Deindividuation
- Delphi Technique
- Distributive Justice
- Diversity
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Dynamical Systems Approach
- Emergent Norm Theory
- Escalation of Commitment
- Faultlines
- Free Riding
- Gender and Behavior
- Gender Roles
- Great Person Theory of Leadership
- Group Boundaries
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Composition
- Group Development
- Group Dissolution
- Group Ecology
- Group Emotions
- Group Formation
- Group Learning
- Group Mind
- Group Motivation
- Group Potency
- Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
- Group Socialization
- Group Structure
- Group Task
- Groupthink
- Hidden Profile Task
- Identification and Commitment
- Illusion of Group Effectivity
- Inclusion/Exclusion
- Initiation Rites
- Innovation
- Interaction Process Analysis
- Interactionist Theories of Leadership
- Job Design
- Justice
- Köhler Effect
- Leader Categorization Theory
- Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
- Leadership
- Loyalty
- Mergers
- Negotiation and Bargaining
- Norms
- Obedience to Authority
- Organizations
- Pathgoal Theory of Leadership
- Personality Theories of Leadership
- Personnel Turnover
- Power
- Power Dependence Theory
- Procedural Justice
- Process Consultation
- Process Gain and Loss
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Relational Model of Authority in Groups
- Ringelmann Effect
- Role Transitions
- Roles
- Romance of Leadership
- Self-Managing Teams
- Shared Mental Models
- Social Compensation
- Social Entrainment
- Social Exchange in Networks and Groups
- Social Facilitation
- Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects
- Social Identity Theory
- Social Identity Theory of Leadership
- Social Impact Theory
- Social Loafing
- Socially Shared Cognition
- Socioemotional and Task Behavior
- Sports Teams
- Status
- Status Characteristics/Expectations States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- Stepladder Technique
- Sucker Effect
- Team Building
- Team Negotiation
- Team Performance Assessment
- Team Reflexivity
- Teams
- Transactional Leadership Theories
- Transactive Memory Systems
- Transformational Leadership Theories
- Trust
- Vertical Dyad Linkage Model
- Virtual/Internet Groups
- Work Teams
- Group Structure
- Affirmative Action
- Apartheid
- Assimilation and Acculturation
- Attachment Theory
- Boundary Spanning
- Cliques
- Coalitions
- Common-Identity/Common-Bond Groups
- Communication Networks
- Computermediated Communication
- Crowding
- Crowds
- Deviance
- Diversity
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Dynamical Systems Approach
- Emergent Norm Theory
- Faultlines
- Gender and Behavior
- Gender Roles
- Group Boundaries
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Composition
- Group Development
- Group Dissolution
- Group Formation
- Group Position Theory
- Group Socialization
- Group Structure
- Homophily
- Inclusion/Exclusion
- Initiation Rites
- Job Design
- Legitimation
- Mergers
- Norms
- Opinion Deviance
- Organizations
- Ostracism
- Personnel Turnover
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Role Transitions
- Roles
- Schisms
- Shared Mental Models
- Slavery
- Social Class
- Social Mobility
- Social Networks
- Social Relations Model
- Sociometric Choice
- Sports Teams
- Status
- Status Characteristics/Expectation States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- Stepladder Technique
- SYMLOG
- System Theory
- Team Building
- Territoriality
- Tokenism
- Virtual/Internet Groups
- Work Teams
- Identity and Self
- Assimilation and Acculturation
- Black Sheep Effect
- Categorization
- Collective Guilt
- Collective Movements and Protest
- Collective Self
- Collectivism/Individualism
- Common Ingroup Identity Model
- Common-Identity/Common-Bond Groups
- Cross-Categorization
- Deindividuation
- Depersonalization
- Ethnicity
- Ethnolinguistic Vitality
- Extended Contact Effect
- Gender and Behavior
- Gender Roles
- Group Position Theory
- Identification and Commitment
- Identity Control Theory
- Ingroup Allocation Bias
- Interindividual/Intergroup Discontinuity
- Looking-Glass Self
- Loyalty
- Minimal Group Effect
- Minority Coping Strategies
- Minority Groups in Society
- Multiple Identities
- Mutual Intergroup Differentiation Model
- Nationalism and Patriotism
- Need for Belonging
- Optimal Distinctiveness
- Perceived Group Variability
- Reference Groups
- Referent Informational Influence Theory
- Self-Categorization Theory
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Stereotyping
- Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects
- Social Identity Theory of Leadership
- Sociometer Model
- Subjective Group Dynamics
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Tajfel, Henri
- Uncertainty-Identity Theory
- Influence and Persuasion
- Anticonformity
- Asch, Solomon
- Bystander Effect
- Charismatic Leadership
- Cognitive Consistency
- Collective Induction
- Collective Movements and Protest
- Common Knowledge Effect
- Compliance
- Conformity
- Contingency Theories of Leadership
- Culture
- Deviance
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Dynamical Systems Approach
- Emergent Norm Theory
- Fads and Fashions
- False Consensus Effect
- Festinger, Leon
- Gender and Behavior
- Great Person Theory of Leadership
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Mind
- Group Polarization
- Group Problem Solving and Decision Making
- Groupthink
- Hidden Profile Task
- Identification and Commitment
- Idiosyncrasy Credit
- Inclusion/Exclusion
- Informational Influence
- Innovation
- Interactionist Theories of Leadership
- Leader Categorization Theory
- Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
- Leadership
- Leniency Contract
- Lewin, Kurt
- Loyalty
- Mediation
- Minority Influence
- Moscovici, Serge
- Need for Closure
- Need for Power
- Negotiation and Bargaining
- Normative Influence
- Norms
- Obedience to Authority
- Opinion Deviance
- Ostracism
- Pathgoal Theory of Leadership
- Personality Theories of Leadership
- Pluralistic Ignorance
- Power
- Reference Groups
- Referent Informational Influence Theory
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Ringelmann Effect
- Romance of Leadership
- Rumor
- Sherif, Muzafer
- Social Compensation
- Social Decision Schemes
- Social Exchange in Networks and Groups
- Social Facilitation
- Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects
- Social Identity Theory
- Social Identity Theory of Leadership
- Social Impact Theory
- Social Loafing
- Status
- Status Characteristics/Expectation States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- SYMLOG
- Team Negotiation
- Terrorism
- Therapy Groups
- Transactional Leadership Theories
- Transformational Leadership Theories
- Trust
- Vertical Dyad Linkage Model
- Intergroup Relations in Society
- Affirmative Action
- Ageism
- Allport, Gordon
- Ambivalent Sexism
- Anti-Semitism
- Apartheid
- Assimilation and Acculturation
- Attitudes Toward Women Scale
- Authoritarian Personality
- Aversive Racism
- Banality of Evil
- Black Sheep Effect
- Children: Stereotypes and Prejudice
- Civil Rights Legislation
- Civil Rights Movement
- Collective Guilt
- Collective Movements and Protest
- Common Ingroup Identity Model
- Conspiracy Theories
- Cooperative Learning
- Cults
- Desegregation
- Deviance
- Discrimination
- Distributive Justice
- Diversity
- Ethnicity
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnolinguistic Vitality
- Eugenics
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Extended Contact Effect
- Feminism
- Frustrationaggression Hypothesis
- Gangs
- Genocide
- Graduated Reciprocation in Tension Reduction (GRIT)
- Group Emotions
- Group Position Theory
- Hate Crimes
- Holocaust
- Homophobia
- Ideology
- Immigration
- Ingroup Allocation Bias
- Institutionalized Bias
- Intergroup Anxiety
- Intergroup Contact Theory
- Intergroup Emotions Theory
- Intergroup Empathy
- Intergroup Violence
- Islamophobia
- J-Curve Hypothesis
- Jigsaw Classroom Technique
- Just World Hypothesis
- Justice
- Language and Intergroup Relations
- Linguistic Category Model (LCM)
- Linguistic Intergroup Bias (LIB)
- Mergers
- Minimal Group Effect
- Minority Coping Strategies
- Minority Groups in Society
- Modern Forms of Prejudice
- Modern Racism
- Modern Sexism
- Multiculturalism
- Mutual Intergroup Differentiation Model
- Nationalism and Patriotism
- Prejudice
- Procedural Justice
- Protestant Work Ethic
- Racial Ambivalence Theory
- Racism
- Realistic Group Conflict Theory
- Relative Deprivation
- Right Wing Authoritarianism
- Scapegoating
- Schisms
- Self-Categorization Theory
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- Sexism
- Sexual Harassment
- Sherif, Muzafer
- Slavery
- Social Class
- Social Darwinism
- Social Deviance
- Social Dominance Theory
- Social Identity Theory
- Stereotype Threat
- Stigma
- Subjective Group Dynamics
- Symbolic Racism
- System Justification Theory
- Tajfel, Henri
- Territoriality
- Terror Management Theory
- Terrorism
- Tokenism
- Weightism
- Xenophobia
- Methodology
- Action Research
- Ambivalent Sexism
- Attitudes Toward Women Scale
- Authoritarian Personality
- Computer Simulation
- Experimentation
- Implicit Association Test (IAT)
- Interaction Process Analysis
- Levels of Analysis
- Modern Racism
- Modern Sexism
- Need for Closure
- Need for Power
- Research Methods and Issues
- Right Wing Authoritarianism
- Social Relations Model
- Sociometric Choice
- Survey Methods
- SYMLOG
- Organizations
- Affirmative Action
- Assimilation and Acculturation
- Boundary Spanning
- Charismatic Leadership
- Cliques
- Coalitions
- Collaboration Technology
- Collective Self
- Communication Networks
- Computermediated Communication
- Contingency Theories of Leadership
- Cooperation and Competition
- Culture
- Deviance
- Distributive Justice
- Diversity
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Dynamical Systems Approach
- Escalation of Commitment
- Faultlines
- Free Riding
- Gender and Behavior
- Gender Roles
- Great Person Theory of Leadership
- Group Boundaries
- Group Cohesiveness
- Group Composition
- Group Ecology
- Group Learning
- Group Motivation
- Group Performance
- Group Socialization
- Group Structure
- Group Task
- Homophily
- Identification and Commitment
- Ideology
- Initiation Rites
- Innovation
- Interactionist Theories of Leadership
- Job Design
- Justice
- Leader Categorization Theory
- Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
- Leadership
- Loyalty
- Mergers
- Multiple Identities
- Negotiation and Bargaining
- Norms
- Obedience to Authority
- Organizations
- Pathgoal Theory of Leadership
- Personality Theories of Leadership
- Personnel Turnover
- Power
- Power Dependence Theory
- Procedural Justice
- Process Consultation
- Process Gain and Loss
- Protestant Work Ethic
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Relational Model of Authority in Groups
- Role Transitions
- Roles
- Romance of Leadership
- Schisms
- Self-Managing Teams
- Sexual Harassment
- Social Compensation
- Social Exchange in Networks and Groups
- Social Facilitation
- Social Impact Theory
- Social Loafing
- Social Networks
- Socially Shared Cognition
- Socioemotional and Task Behavior
- Status
- Status Characteristics/Expectation States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- Sucker Effect
- System Theory
- Team Building
- Team Negotiation
- Team Performance Assessment
- Team Reflexivity
- Teams
- Tokenism
- Transactional Leadership Theories
- Transformational Leadership Theories
- Trust
- Vertical Dyad Linkage Model
- Virtual/Internet Groups
- Work Teams
- Theory
- Affect Control Theory
- Allport, Gordon
- Ambivalent Sexism
- Asch, Solomon
- Attachment Theory
- Authoritarian Personality
- Aversive Racism
- Charismatic Leadership
- Cognitive Consistency
- Contingency Theories of Leadership
- Deutsch, Morton
- Dynamical Systems Approach
- Emergent Norm Theory
- Eugenics
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Festinger, Leon
- Frustrationaggression Hypothesis
- Great Person Theory of Leadership
- Group Position Theory
- Identity Control Theory
- Interactionist Theories of Leadership
- Interdependence Theory
- Intergroup Contact Theory
- Intergroup Emotions Theory
- Just World Hypothesis
- Justice
- Leader Categorization Theory
- Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
- Lewin, Kurt
- Modern Forms of Prejudice
- Modern Racism
- Modern Sexism
- Moscovici, Serge
- Mutual Intergroup Differentiation Model
- Need for Belonging
- Need for Closure
- Need for Power
- Optimal Distinctiveness
- Pathgoal Theory of Leadership
- Personality Theories of Leadership
- Power Dependence Theory
- Racial Ambivalence Theory
- Realistic Group Conflict Theory
- Referent Informational Influence Theory
- Relational Cohesion Theory
- Relational Model of Authority in Groups
- Right Wing Authoritarianism
- Self-Categorization Theory
- Sherif, Muzafer
- Social Decision Schemes
- Social Dominance Theory
- Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects
- Social Identity Theory
- Social Identity Theory of Leadership
- Social Impact Theory
- Sociometer Model
- Status Characteristics/Expectation States Theory
- Status Construction Theory
- Subjective Group Dynamics
- Symbolic Interactionism
- System Justification Theory
- System Theory
- Tajfel, Henri
- Terror Management Theory
- Transactional Leadership Theories
- Transformational Leadership Theories
- Uncertainty-Identity Theory
- Vertical Dyad Linkage Model
- Types of Groups and Subgroups
- Children's Groups
- Cliques
- Coalitions
- Collective Movements and Protest
- Common-Identity/Common-Bond Groups
- Communication Networks
- Computermediated Communication
- Cooperative Learning
- Crowds
- Cults
- Dominance Hierarchies
- Dyads
- Ethnicity
- Families
- Gangs
- Jigsaw Classroom Technique
- Juries
- Minority Groups in Society
- Organizations
- Reference Groups
- Schisms
- Self-Managing Teams
- Sensitivity Training Groups
- Sports Teams
- Stepladder Technique
- Support Groups
- Teams
- Therapy Groups
- Tokenism
- Virtual/Internet Groups
- Work Teams
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