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Young Lords
The gang known as the Young Lords formed in 1958 as an assembly of Puerto Rican adolescent males living in what was then one of Chicago's most impoverished neighborhoods. In the mid-1960s, the Young Lords redirected their energy from turf-oriented, intergang warfare to a spirited attack on the city of Chicago's urban renewal program, a gentrification effort that ultimately displaced thousands of poor minorities from the neighborhood. By 1968, the Lords had matured into a formidable and radical group taking part in the national civil rights movement, working alongside the Black Panther Party, the Young Patriots Organization, and other left-leaning groups to critique capitalism's oppression of poor people of color. In the early 1970s, the Lords and their com-patriots set their sights on the American prison system in hopes of revolutionizing the treatment of prisoners through militant action. To some extent their tactics worked, but in 1975 the Chicago Young Lords disbanded under the pressure of political infighting, police suppression, and narcotics addiction among the group's membership.
Origins
The evolution of the Young Lords is inextricably bound to the migration patterns and experiences of Puerto Ricans. With demand for factory labor at an all-time high in the late 1940s, U.S. companies recruited heavily from Puerto Rico, enrolling thousands of Puerto Rican farm workers in contract labor agreements. Newly arrived Puerto Rican immigrants faced many of the same barriers and challenges their European predecessors had confronted: institutional racism, dilapidated housing, concentrated poverty, inadequate health care, unsanitary living conditions, failing schools, unresponsive government agencies, and physical attacks at the hands of their new non–Puerto Rican neighbors.
In the 1950s and 1960s, gentrification and urban renewal pushed Puerto Ricans and Mexicans from their original Chicago settlement areas on the near west side into Lincoln Park, a then-slumlike neighborhood situated three miles north of the downtown business district. Many of them encountered resistance and antagonism from white ethnics who had settled in the neighborhood in earlier migration waves. In response, some formed indigenous self-support groups, such as mutual aid associations, burial societies, community trust funds, and street gangs. These homegrown organizations gave rise to a second generation of street organizations, the most prominent among them being the Young Lords.
Development and Struggle against Urban Renewal
The Young Lords gang was founded in 1958 when Orlando Davila and Sal de Riviero organized themselves and their friends to defend against the violent attacks that were being perpetrated on immigrants by the neighborhood's white ethnic gangs. The group remained a turf-oriented recreational and fighting gang until the early 1960s. Around that time, the local YMCA dispatched a “detached social worker” to assist the Young Lords in overhauling the group's organizational structure and activities. The YMCA program's long-term objective was to transform the street gang into an organized, hierarchical, formal group with a prosocial agenda. This intervention solidified the gang and inculcated in its members a belief in the value of collective ideology, financial self-sufficiency, and mission. These efforts, in turn, unwittingly laid the organizational foundation for the Young Lords' later involvement in leftist political struggle.
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