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Contact Visits
Contact visits generally permit an inmate to visit with a friend or relative for a limited amount of time in the same room, rather than to communicate through a glass window. Most correctional facilities set strict visiting hours and policies and require that visitors be approved prior to their arrival, to give the institution reasonable time to conduct a background check of the visitor. Contact during these visits is usually closely monitored, allowing only minimal, if any, physical contact, such as handholding or a brief hug.
Contact visits are considered a privilege and can be revoked for any number of reasons. In higher-security institutions, or in the case of death row inmates, those in disciplinary detention, or those who are being kept in protective custody, contact visits are usually not allowed since it is thought that security concerns outweigh the benefits provided by allowing contact visits. Some states such as Michigan also severely restrict visits for inmates of any security level.
Contact Visitation Policies
Correctional institutions that allow inmates contact visits have numerous and very specific rules and regulations that control the process. These rules, which include the number of individuals that may be on an inmate's visiting list and the frequency with which he or she may receive visits, generally vary according to the facility's security requirements, its traditions, and its availability of resources, including visiting space and personnel. Contact visits are most often afforded only to lower-security-risk inmates, although each institution may make exceptions depending on individual circumstances and the mandates of the jurisdiction.
Most correctional facilities require that eligible inmates provide lists at the outset of their incarceration of those whom they want to visit them. Usually, individuals may include parents, spouses, children, friends, attorneys, and religious leaders. However, prisoners are allowed to include only a small number of people on their visiting lists; they are usually forced to prioritize their contacts by those closest to them or those most likely to come. Most institutions conduct background checks on these individuals before they are allowed to visit to ensure that they present no security challenge and are not likely to pass contraband, such as drugs or weapons, to the inmates with whom they are in contact. Felons, parolees, and former inmates are generally not permitted to have contact visits with inmates.
Benefits of Contact Visits
The primary justification for allowing inmates contact visits is to decrease the potential negative psychological effects of being imprisoned. It has been suggested that contact with loved ones and others who are “on the outside” can decrease the effects of what Donald Clemmer (1939) has termed prisonization and what Gresham M. Sykes (1958) has called the pains of imprisonment. It is believed that if inmates are able to connect with those who are not institutionalized, they will be better able to adjust to their release. An inmate who has maintained contact with individuals outside of prison may have a group of people to help him or her start a new life upon release. The loved ones who came to visit may help him or her live a law-abiding life by providing financial assistance or by aiding in a job search.
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- Angela Y. Davis
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- Zebulon Reed Brockway
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