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France

Although play has always been a part of French society, its concept has drastically evolved throughout the centuries. Directly opposing the notion of work, free time was originally exemplified by the life of leisure the wealthy aristocratic elite led while the majority of the population had to work to survive. As a result, the aristocratic lifestyle became an idealized model deeply rooted in French society. The democratization of free time that has been taking place since the early 20th century has made leisure accessible to all. Additionally, the recent changes in lifestyle and values indicate a need and belief in pleasure. France has evolved into a secular society that views free time as an individual sacred right. With the combination of a shorter work week, a longer life expectancy, and a higher disposable income, the French can enjoy a substantial amount of free time for recreational and sports activities. Both adults and children still struggle to find an adequate balance between work and leisure. Even though most people feel that work is deemed an essential part of their existence, they ultimately view leisure as a necessary way of life

The Concept of Leisure

Two major paradoxical societal traditions have greatly influenced the concept of free time as leisure in France. Prior to the French Revolution, the aristocratic class tended to favor idleness over work, finding the latter particularly diminishing to one's individuality. Nevertheless, only the elite and the privileged were able to lead a life of leisure, while the rest of the population had to work to survive. Work was, therefore, seen as an unpleasant task given to the majority of the population, while the nobility could devote their time to artistic and intellectual pursuits. As a result, this lifestyle that only a very few could attain became an ideal that continues as a part of French society.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the development of a new bourgeoisie class influenced by Protestant values also impacted the concept of leisure in France. Contrary to the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie welcomed work and saw it as a positive moral value that could give the individual a sense of accomplishment and pride, while also contributing to the enhancement of society. The bourgeoisie condemned aristocratic idleness, finding the need for leisure and pleasure undoubtedly immoral. Nevertheless, the 19th-century French bourgeoisie was somewhat envious of the wealthy aristocracy but could only attain financial freedom through work. As a result, contemporary French society carries tendencies from both conflicting traditions: the French are willing to work hard, even sometimes overtime hours, as long as they know they will be rewarded by a long period of vacation.

Vacation Time

With the reduction of work time (35 hours per week), accompanied by five weeks of paid vacation, the French enjoy more free time than many developed nations. The French have a specific and unique concept of summer vacation because unlike their European neighbors, they usually take a month off during July or August. This makes the French very proud not only because they take a break from work but also because it demonstrates their privileged and envied social status. From the Renaissance (the 16th century) until the early 20th century, the concept of vacation was exclusive to nobility and the high bourgeoisie, who would escape the oppressive heat of Paris and spend summers in the country or by the seashore.

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