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The term disorganization refers to a deviance from expected organization. It could be the result of inadequate procedures, a failure of adherence to norms, or the result of an inadequate physical environment (such as could be the case when storage facilities are too small).

Conceptual Overview

The word disorganization is used in many different contexts, with reference not only to organizational disorganization but also personal disorganization (clutter; lack of priorities, self-discipline, and effective time management; too little space; poor filing system; health-related issues; etc.), social disorganization (worldwide, national, local; source of conflicts; lack of planning for developing or potential problems including emergencies, disorganized legislatures, and legal systems; delinquencies; land/space development; etc.), as well as psychological and physiological disorganization such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This entry focuses on the first of these, though some of the thoughts do apply in other contexts. The literature on the subject of disorganization, mostly in the form of articles in periodicals and on the Web, however, primarily refers to social and personal disorganization.

Organizational disorganization costs businesses huge sums in lost time searching for things (even electronic documents) that cannot be found; in avoidable errors and mistakes; and when staff members get into each other's way, or are slowed down by feelings of being overwhelmed and out of control. Office layout as well as inappropriate equipment and furniture can be significant contributors to this sense of disorganization. Organizational skills require the highest level of integration of the cognitive skills of concentration, memory, and sequencing. Most important, however, is the need for competent decision making to prevent disorganization, and for problem solving, once the disorganization has taken hold.

Confronting Disorganization

To fix a problem of disorganization requires multifaceted skills and approaches. Usually a specific symptom is tackled and little attention is given to the need to prevent disorganization from popping up somewhere else. A more thorough, comprehensive approach requires a review, possibly a very brief one, of all issues relevant to effective plans or goals that would ensure avoidance of future disorganization somewhere in the organization. These issues often reside in matters of coordination and cooperation, implying that communication issues could be involved. Other issues may concern a lack of participation in decisions so that important matters are overlooked, which would have been uncovered by appropriate involvement of the right people. Competence levels can present additional issues arising or being given the attention that they deserve. A little thought about stakeholder reaction to any steps that might be decided can also be helpful, as well as a brief analysis of work ethics and other norms. These can foreshadow likely sources of resistance and deliberate disorganization of the desired end state. In short, problem solving to thoroughly resolve a case of disorganization—and planning to avoid it in the future—requires cultivating organizational habits that deliver effective decision making by ensuring that all relevant issues are given consideration.

Practical Approach

One possible approach could be to ask a series of questions related to causes, and potential causes, whenever a disorganization problem occurs. While the following questions are not the only possible set that can be used, they are comprehensive and solidly based on the literature and concern issues such as

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