Familismo

Among Latinos, family plays a central role and is a source of pride, identity, and support. Familismo is the term within the Latino culture that describes this family structure and the importance of family relationships. Familismo represents the beliefs and attitudes that operate within the family system. Intertwined with familismo are the values of respect (respeto) and trust (confianza). Family provides reciprocity or mutual support and is viewed as one of the foundational structures of the culture. Parents are highly valued and respected. The needs and concerns of the family supersede the needs of any individual family member; conversely, family members are expected to support each other when there is a problem and to resolve the situation as a family unit. The responsibility of the family is to care for all of the members of the family.

The concept of family refers to more than just the nuclear family. The nuclear family is most commonly defined as a household consisting of a husband and wife and their children. Familismo refers to the nuclear family, but also incorporates the extended family, which includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Non-blood-related individuals, such as godparents (padrinos), are also viewed as being part of the family system. It is not uncommon within Latino families for members of the extended family to share a household with the nuclear family. Members of the extended family may be involved in child rearing, economic decisions, and social activities. Respect and trust are the underlying ideals that support family relationships and lead to closeness and interconnectedness.

Traditionally, Latino families are characterized by a patriarchal hierarchy. Father is the head of the household and has the responsibility of providing safety and security for the family. Mother is considered the primary caregiver for the children, and her responsibilities revolve around the children. Both parents are involved in making important decisions regarding the overall well-being of the family. Older family members, such as grandparents, are viewed as authority and are to be respected and obeyed. As Latino families immigrate to the United States and younger generations acculturate to the dominant culture, changes begin to occur to the family structure and traditional gender roles. For example, more and more Latinas are working outside the home and are contributing financially to the family. Even with these changes in gender roles, it is common to see extended family members assisting with household activities and caring for the children. In summary, familismo, or the family network, provides the support and structure to meet the needs of each family member.