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The Godfather is a feature film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, based on a book by Mario Puzo, with cinematography by Gordon Willis. It is a Paramount production. The film is fictional and follows the life of Michael Corleone (actor Al Pacino) as emerging head of a family crime syndicate established by his father Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando).

The film is set in America in 1945, when Michael is a war hero returning from active duty in World War II. At his sister Connie's (Talia Shire) wedding celebration he introduces his girlfriend Kay (Diane Keaton) to his family and tells her that they are gangsters. He is keen to distance himself from their activities, telling her, “That's my family, Kay. It's not me.” Michael is equally keen that Kay, a white Anglo-Saxon Protestant, be included in the photos of his Italian American Catholic family.

Both Michael and his father Vito implicitly agree that Michael will not join the established crime syndicate, much to the disgust of his impetuous brother Sonny (James Caan). However, when his father is the victim of a near-fatal shooting by a rival gang member, Michael emerges as the natural leader. He orchestrates the killing of a police chief, which results in a war with rival Mafioso. Michael takes refuge in his father's hometown of Corleone, Sicily; there he meets, falls in love with, and marries Apollonia (Simonetta Stefanelli). Shortly after their wedding day she is killed in an attack intended for Michael.

Michael returns to the United States, rekindles his relationship with Kay, and marries her. Michael convinces Kay that he aims to make the family business legitimate, but as his gangster status rises their relationship becomes more strained. Through the course of Michael's 10-year ascendancy, his brother Sonny is killed, his brother Fredo (John Cazale) betrays Michael, and adopted brother Tom (Robert Duvall) becomes Michael's consiglieri (adviser). When Vito Corleone dies, Michael emerges as the new Mafia Don.

Audience and Acclaim

The Godfather was critically acclaimed from the outset. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won three: Best Picture, Best Actor (Marlon Brando), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola). It has consistently appeared in lists of the top 10 films ever made, often alongside its sequel The Godfather Part II (1974). A later sequel, The Godfather Part III (1990), was critically derided and is usually dismissed from academic study.

The film established Coppola as an auteur director and key figure of the New Hollywood cinema that emerged in the 1970s. Other notable films directed by Coppola include The Conversation (1974), The Godfather Part II (1974), and Apocalypse Now (1974). Often using the same cast and production crew, Coppola's films portray America as a country that is discomforted in the light of past transgressions, such as the Vietnam War. The Godfather demonstrates this in its narrative style, which, particularly when considered with The Godfather Part II, is nonlinear and lacking a neat resolution.

Cultural Commentary

As a key text of an established film canon, The Godfather has been the subject of considerable academic study and cultural debate. Whether as an example of genre, narrative structure, cinematography, stardom, directing, or acting, it is hard to find an English-language film studies text that does not refer to this movie. In creating a portrayal of the Mafia that was both convincing and enduring, The Godfather perpetuated many of the stereotypes of Italian American culture. The success of both the film and the book ensured that several Italian criminal terms (such as Cosa Nostra, “going to the mattresses,” and “sleeping with the fishes”) became known to an English-speaking audience and entered a wider cultural discourse.

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