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According to the 2000 census, of the slightly more than 3.7 million people over the age of 25 in Tennessee, 76 percent have earned a high school diploma or higher, 44 percent have some college, nearly 20 percent have earned a college degree, and 6.8 percent hold advanced degrees. All of these figures are lower than the national average. About one-half of Tennessee's 1.5 million families had children under the age of 18, with an average of 1.75 children per family.

With a population in 2006 of slightly more than 6 million, Tennessee reported 84,308 births, a crude birth rate of 14 percent. From 1997 to 2006, the percent of out-of-wedlock births increased 5.1 percent for mothers aged 10–17, 21.5 percent for mothers 18–19, and 32.3 percent for mothers 20 years and older. In 2007, the state reported a rate of 4.4 divorces per 100,000 population. The state has both “fault” and “no fault” grounds for granting divorces. No-fault divorces are more easily obtained where there are no minor children. Tennessee's public health care system, with an annual budget of $7 billion, is known as TennCare, and provides health coverage for 1.2 million low-income children, pregnant women, and disabled Tennesseans. The state's Families First program (called Temporary Aid to Needy Families in other states) provides funding for low-income families. The state also provides, as required by law, funding under Aid to Families with Dependent Children for pregnant women and newborns to the age of 1. Once babies reach the first birthday, the mothers much requalify through the state's Department of Health Services.

Rural Access to Health Care

In 45 of Tennessee's 95 counties, pregnant mothers have to drive for miles to get prenatal health care and to deliver their babies. In 15 of those counties, pregnant mothers have no access to any prenatal care whatsoever. In 2006, U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander (R-TN) cosponsored the Healthy Mothers and Healthy Babies Access to Care Act (S. 23), which was designed to protect access to care for mothers and babies by providing medical liability reform for obstetric and gynecological care. The bill did not become law, and prenatal care for women in Tennessee remains some of the worst in the nation.

The infant mortality rate (number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births) in Tennessee in 2006 was 8.7, which exceeded the national rate of 6.6 percent by nearly 32 percent. The infant death rate for black babies was nearly twice that of white babies at 16.8, and the rate of premature babies was 25 percent higher for black babies than for white. The age group with the lowest percentage of first-trimester prenatal care was the 10–14 age group, at 38 percent. Black mothers were twice as likely to have little or no prenatal care as white mothers, and were twice as likely to lose infants to sudden infant death syndrome. In 2006, the percent of white mothers who reported smoking throughout pregnancy was 15.6 percent, while black mothers smoked less than half as much, at 7.4 percent.

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