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Dismayed by the lack of marksmanship shown by their troops, Union veterans Colonel William C. Church and General George Wingate formed the National Rifle Association (NRA) in 1871. According to Church, the primary goal of the association was to promote and encourage rifle shooting on a scientific basis. After receiving a charter from New York State, the NRA selected Civil War General Ambrose Burnside, who was also the former governor of Rhode Island and a U.S. senator, as its first president.

An important facet of the NRA's creation was the development of a practice ground. In 1872, with financial help from New York State, a site on Long Island, the Creed Farm, was purchased for the purpose of building a rifle range. The range, named Creedmoor, was opened a year later, and it was there that the first annual matches were held. In 1892, Creedmoor was deeded back to New York State and NRA's matches moved to Sea Girt, New Jersey.

The NRA's interest in promoting the shooting sports among America's youth began in 1903 when NRA secretary Albert S. Jones urged the establishment of rifle clubs at all major colleges, universities, and military academies. By 1906, NRA's youth program was in full swing with more than 200 boys competing in matches at Sea Girt that summer. Youth programs are still a cornerstone of the NRA, with more than one million youth participating in NRA shooting sports events and affiliated programs with groups such as 4-H, the Boy Scouts of America, the American Legion, U.S. Jaycees, and others.

Developing a Legislative Agenda

The NRA became politically active in 1934 with the formation of its Legislative Affairs Division. Although it did not begin to lobby directly, the NRA began to mail out legislative facts and analyses to members, encouraging them to take action based on the information. In 1975, sensing a need for political defense of the Second Amendment, the NRA formed the Institute for Legislative Action. Today the NRA is widely recognized as the leading lobbyist group for the broadest possible interpretation of the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The NRA is in the forefront of issues supporting the rights of individual citizens to purchase and bear firearms.

In addition, the NRA has maintained its emphasis on training, education, and marksmanship. During World War II, the association offered its ranges to the government, developed training materials, encouraged members to serve as plant and home guard members, and developed training materials for industrial security. After the war, the NRA concentrated its efforts on education and training the hunting community. In 1949, the NRA, in conjunction with the state of New York, established the first hunter education program. The NRA launched a new magazine in 1973, The American Hunter, dedicated solely to hunting issues.

The American Hunter and The American Rifleman were the mainstays of NRA publications until the debut of The American Guardian in 1997. The Guardian was created to cater to a more general audience, with less emphasis on the technicalities of firearms and a greater focus on self-defense and recreational use of firearms.

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