Family Therapy

Problem-Solving Model

The problem-solving model is based on the work of Helen Perlman and J. Haley. This model involves six steps:

• 1.
  Determining the problems in the family.
• 2.
  Identifying the problem in terms of behavior.
• 3.
  Listing the problems in terms of levels of importance.
• 4.
  Realistically determining the target areas.
• 5.
  Shaping solutions to the stated problems.
• 6.
  Establishing a contract with the family.

The main purpose of this approach is to teach open communication that will enable families to resolve future conflict in a positive manner while focusing on the immediate issues at hand. Thorman (1997) suggests several guidelines for conducting a successful therapy session: (1) Members of the session should focus on the problems and possible solutions to the problems, (2) each member should be willing to work constructively to solve problems and carry out a plan of action, (3) members should be [Page 154]willing to compromise when differences of opinions arise, and (4) sessions should be considered positive.

Task-Centered Model

Although the task-centered model also focuses on problem solving, it is somewhat different from the problem-solving model because it actually gives the family a task to perform that can help the members solve their problems. The therapist works with the family to observe and to teach family members how to solve their problems effectively. This model is very effective in teaching problem solving to families because it teaches them how to identify and explore the problem, how to create solutions, and how to perform tasks effectively. Listening, acknowledging, and expressing oneself is very important in this model. Each person must know and understand what others are thinking and feeling to better perform the task. The assigned task should be appropriate for the abilities of the family members, and they should be able to accomplish the task in a specific amount of time. Once the task has been assigned, each family member should work toward the same results and not feel overwhelmed. Examples of techniques that facilitate completing tasks are role-playing, sculpting, exchanging positive feedback, and switching from person to person.

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