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In contrast to newspapers in other countries where opinions are expressed throughout the paper, in the United States, opinion is relegated to the editorial or “op-ed” section of the newspaper. “op-ed” is abbreviated from opposite editorial due to the tradition of newspapers placing opinion material on the page opposite the editorial page.

The editorial section is the page or two pages of the first news section of the newspaper where the masthead and staff listing of the newspaper can be found, including the owner's name, one to four editorials, syndicated and local guest writers, political cartoons, and letters to the editor. It is only here that openly acknowledged opinion (as opposed to traditional “neutral” reporting) is supposedly published. While the editorial page usually contains the opinions of the publisher, the op-ed page is reserved for articles by other writers who are often not affiliated with the paper. Articles may come from freelance writers, advocacy and industry groups, public relations agencies, and others. Some of the most prominent op-ed pages are those of The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, and The Wall Street Journal.

The Essay

The op-ed essay itself is a short essay intending to inform the public about an issue and to indicate some means for its resolution. As suggested by New York Times editor Patricia Cohen, many op-ed essays tend to follow one basic structure: lede (around a news hook), thesis (statement of argument—either explicit or implied), argument based on evidence (such as statistics, news, reports from credible organizations, expert quotes, scholarship, history, firsthand experience), a “To Be Sure” paragraph (in which the author preempts potential critics by acknowledging any flaws in the argument, and addresses any obvious counterarguments), and the conclusion (often circling back to the author's lead).

Some editors, such as Frank Partsch of the Omaha World Herald, believe that the op-ed page has a primary duty to provide opinions not ordinarily found on the editorial page. Secondarily, it provides a variety of opinions selected as being, in the editors' judgment, useful to readers. often, these come from a regular line-up of syndicated columnists—columnists with a following that limit the editors' ability to cut them to make room for more nonregulars. Vying for the remaining handful of slots are unsolicited articles, made ever more voluminous in the 1990s, with the wider use of fax machines and e-mail. According to some editors, a rebuttal by a person or institution criticized in an editorial gets top priority. An article by a public official going behind or beyond the news is usually picked up. Editors also look for scholarly analysis of public policy and infrequent pieces in which a regular reader finds a fresh and creative voice and deals authoritatively with an issue worthy of general reader attention.

Development

The current American model of journalistic objectivity is a fairly recent development, predated by the partisan press and interspersed with various reactionary movements, such as new journalism (1960–70s) and public journalism (1990s). But since roughly the 1940s, American mainstream papers have been expected to operate within the norms of the objective model. The editorial section of the paper is the exception. These pages are the outlets for the editorial board, the publisher—sanctioned mouthpiece of the newspaper, to collectively craft and publish its views on a wide range of topics.

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