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Appendix C: Journalism: A Guide to Recent Literature - Section 2. History

Journalism's long history stretches back at least to the Fugger newsletters of Renaissance Europe, if not to news readers in ancient Greece and Rome. The first daily newspapers date to the early 1700s, early magazines to just a few decades later, motion pictures to the turn of the twentieth century, radio to 1920 (though its journalism role took more than a decade to develop), television (which featured news from the start) to the 1940s, and the commercial Internet only to 1995. Each of these is historically reviewed in the entries that follow, providing a fair sampling of recent historical writing.

While this chapter adheres to the general emphasis of this bibliography (largely books published since 1990, as well as useful websites), here especially will be found a scattering of important earlier studies that provide information often lacking in more recent titles. For development of the various underlying media technologies, see Section 3. Some historical titles appear elsewhere in this guide if they focus on specific subjects (especially specific types or topics of news content, which are covered in Sections 5 and 6).

A. Reference Sources

Included here are a variety of sources largely intended to be for historical reference. But many other sources listed in Section 1 and subsequent sections now have historical value as well.

A-1: Historical Dictionaries

Most of these are mini-encyclopedias, providing very short entries ranging from a line or two up to a paragraph or column on major topics. They are essentially historical handbooks to the field described in their titles. For dictionaries of journalists, see Section 7-A.

Eaman, Ross. Historical Dictionary of Journalism. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2008. Hundreds of brief (paragraph-long) entries concern people, events, trends, specific newspapers and magazines, broadcast programs, and organizations.

Godfrey, Donald G., and Frederic A. Leigh, eds. Historical Dictionary of American Radio. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. Using many contributors, this includes more than 600 brief (from a few lines to a paragraph) entries about people, programs, organizations, laws, technical definitions, networks, and stations.

See Manning, Section 10-G-1.

Reinehr, Robert C., and Jon D. Schwartz. Historical Dictionary of Old-Time Radio. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2008. Hundreds of brief entries largely concern entertainment, but include some material on news programs and people.

Roth, Michael P. Historical Dictionary of War Journalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997. Entries cover reporters, photographers, and artists who represented a newspaper, magazine, radio, or television station, or another news source as well as significant events and terms relating to war reporting from 1846 to 1990s Gulf and Yugoslavian conflicts.

Slide, Anthony. The American Film Industry: A Historical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1986. See next entry.

Slide, Anthony. The International Film Industry: A Historical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1989. This and the previous volume provide well over 1,200 entries on people, studios, major films, technologies and film equipment, archives, specific places or countries, issues and controversies, laws, film series and genre. Entry length ranges from a few lines to a page or more.

Slide, Anthony. The Television Industry: A Historical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1991. About a thousand short entries on key personnel, programs and program genre, networks and other organizations, cable, educational/public stations, and technical devices. The focus is on American television with occasional global references.

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