Symbolism

Literature

[Page 811]In literature, symbolism is often contextual in that specific symbols develop meaning only in the context of the literary work. Writers rely on symbolism to elicit the reader's prior knowledge, bring a deeper meaning to the words that transcend the textual description, and, as a creative art form, to use language and style. The key component of symbolism is that symbols, words, or pictures are used to represent something other than the actual definition of a word. The intent is to give words deeper or profound meaning. For example, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “The Yellow Wallpaper,” the yellow wallpaper represents many arguable issues in the story. Each detail of the wallpaper represents an idea or conflict between the protagonist and the setting. Thus, the wallpaper itself represents or suggests something else, and the character's identity hinges on her interpretations of the symbols.

Other literary genres rich in symbolism are poetry and drama. Symbolism is systematically weaved through the fabric of a poem. Some poets strategically place symbols in their poems, and others use symbols as the primary language of the poem. The reader is able to identify the voice, tone, and mood by the use of symbols throughout the stanzas of a poem.

Drama depends greatly on the use of verbal communication. Language is filled with symbolism and stresses the identity of the author and the characters. Like other language-specific techniques, spoken language reveals much more than the rhythmic sounds and blends of letters. The listener is able to identify the speaker's origin, culture, and many other details. In addition, language uses tonal shifts to communicate emotion and emphasize meaning. Drama uses symbolism as a necessary tool for communication. Many dramatists use symbolism to assist the actor in bringing the words to life. Additionally, this technique is used to help the reader envision every element that assists the words in painting a picture in the reader's mind.

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