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The Urban Institute (UI) is a nonprofit organization that researches and analyzes social, economic, and governmental issues in the United States. UI was originally started in 1968 by President Lyndon Johnson to “monitor and evaluate” his Great Society programs and projects. Initially, UI worked mostly on issues like poverty, finance, unemployment, education, welfare reform, and urban housing shortages and decay. Today, UI conducts research that focuses primarily on social and economic trends and on the causes and effects and costs versus benefits of certain governmental policies and initiatives.

As stated on their website, UI's research is guided by seven tenets which are as follows: (1) Pick the right issues, (2) choose or create the right methodologies, (3) assemble the right team, (4) follow the facts wherever they lead, (5) find the right words, (6) subject findings to outside review, and (7) reach the right audiences. Funding for the Urban Institute comes from government agencies, foundations, and institutions like World Bank, and this funding, while serving many other purposes, allows the institute to employ a sizeable staff of about 400 people. This large team works and conducts research in each of the institute's ten policy centers, as well as working together on large cross-center projects. The main issues that the policy centers and the institute in general are currently focusing research on are health policy online, public housing transformation, tax policy, crime in America, long-term care for the elderly, jumpstarting the economy, at-risk teens, Medicare, Social Security, Washington, D.C., welfare reform, and the working poor.

Policy Centers

The Urban Institute's policy centers are where the majority of its research on specific issues takes place. A list of UI policy centers and their main areas of focus as stated on the UI website is as follows:

The Education Policy Center. This policy center researches many facets of education reform, including such topics as school vouchers, after-school programs, special efforts toward integration of international students, and teacher certification and recruitment. It also evaluates current national educational programs and propositions for updates and/or replacement programs.

The Health Policy Center. The Health Policy Center researches the dynamics of the health care system and the ways in which the health care market affects financing and costs of, as well as access to health care.

The Income and Benefits Policy Center. This center researches the ways in which social insurance, taxes, income, and employee benefit programs affect the behavior and well-being of families.

The International Activities Center. This center performs research to help policymakers and citizens in Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and the developing world strengthen their governments' performance.

The Justice Policy Center. The Justice Policy Center conducts research to inform the public about issues surrounding crime, justice, and community safety.

The Labor and Social Policy Center. This center researches and examines important topics such as employment, social services, job training, domestic violence, income security, education, income and family trends, and homelessness.

The Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy researches the roles and impact of nonprofit organizations in democratic societies and analyzes trends in operations and finances of charitable organizations in the United States.

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