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Obtaining information on how patients rate a healthcare facility and its providers and how satisfied they are with the care they receive has become a major focus of healthcare organizations. Although healthcare providers have been collecting such information for decades, in the past, it was viewed as a routine function with little practical utility. Patients were plentiful, and a consumerist approach was not in vogue. Patient satisfaction was not seriously considered as a method to improve quality and reduce costs.

Today, healthcare organizations are increasingly aware of the importance of keeping their patients satisfied as a way of preventing their shifting to other providers for their healthcare needs. As revenues become scarcer and competition more acute, many healthcare organizations are using patient satisfaction data to improve their services, increase revenue, and attain a superior market position.

Many healthcare providers view the delivery of care differently from their patients. They often view care as “fragmented,” or being provided in “silos.” Patients, on the other hand, tend to evaluate their total care experience as an integrated whole. Thus, the way patients view and evaluate their experiences may be completely different from the isolated view of providers and healthcare organizations. The implication, of course, is that low satisfaction levels for one or two aspects of care may result in significantly lower subjective assessments of the quality of the entire organization. And one or two positive experiences, on the other hand, may not be generalized to the whole experience.

Background

In the past, many healthcare organizations viewed patients as an unlimited resource. If patients became dissatisfied with their health care, and chose to switch their source of care, most healthcare facilities firmly held the attitude that there were “plenty more where they came from.” Patient satisfaction therefore was of neither practical nor theoretical interest. However, in the 1970s, patient satisfaction became a phenomenon of theoretical interest to health services researchers. Patient satisfaction was used as a subjective measure of realized access to care. As such, satisfaction with care became a dependent variable of research interest as well as a predictor of other healthcare outcomes, including compliance with medical advice and return visits for care.

Today, there is an unprecedented revolution in healthcare. The informed consumer, who through an information explosion propelled by scientific and technological advances, mass media coverage, and the Internet better understands treatment options, is not afraid to challenge healthcare providers if the care does not meet his or her standards. Since patients can no longer be viewed as an unlimited resource, consumers have taken control and, in some cases, have more information regarding their specific diagnosis than some of their healthcare providers. Information flow helps set the standards for individual health behavior and for patient involvement in the diagnostic, treatment, and curative processes. Properly analyzed, patient satisfaction data can point to areas of patient concern, which when corrected will improve quality, reduce costs, and bring the patient back into the process of care.

Importance of Patient Perceptions

There are many reasons why all healthcare organizations should be concerned about patient perceptions of quality and their level of satisfaction. First, satisfied patients are more compliant, which results in better medical outcomes. That is, they will follow treatment protocols, such as completing drug regimens. Second, satisfied patients are more likely to return for follow-up visits. Third, patient satisfaction data provide managers with useful information regarding the outcomes of care themselves. Since satisfaction can be viewed as a proxy measure for the outcome of care, patient perceptions can point out process areas needing improvement. Fourth, patient satisfaction is a subjective measure of access to care. Fifth, patients who are satisfied tend not to file lawsuits. Sixth, satisfied patients, even if the medical outcome is not positive, tend to view the healthcare they were provided as a quality experience if they were satisfied with the level of care provided. Finally, patients, like all consumers, want and deserve to be satisfied with the products and services they purchase.

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