Physiatry

The term physiatry, from the words physikos (physical) and iatreias (healing), is a medical specialty more commonly known as physical medicine and rehabilitation. The focus of physiatric practice is to restore individuals to a state of optimal physical, psychological, and social functioning from limitations that may have resulted from congenital or acquired disorders. Physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists may deal with any organ system, but most often treat musculoskeletal and neurological dysfunction. They may also focus on pain management and cardiopulmonary issues, and may specialize in geriatric or pediatric populations. The physiatric assessment involves evaluation of functional status and mobility, as well as determination of the patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and independent activities of daily living (IADLs). Electromyography, a method of measuring electrical currents in resting and contracting muscles, is an important diagnostic method in the practice of physiatry.

The practice of physiatry necessarily involves an interdisciplinary team including physical and occupational therapists, in practice settings that include acute inpatient rehabilitation, extended care, and home rehabilitation. Physiatrists usually discourage inactive convalescence and encourage early ambulation, aggressive physical therapy, and progressive increased intensity of activity. Physiatrists also recognize that psychological, emotional, and social support are critical to complete recovery and optimal functioning.

The field of physical medicine grew out of medical and rehabilitation needs recognized after World War I and gradually developed until physiatry was recognized as a specialty in 1947. Physiatrists are certified by the American Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. There are approximately 5,000 board-certi-fied physiatrists in the United States.