Diagnostic Imaging

X-Rays

X-rays (radiographs) are the most common and widely available diagnostic imaging technique. Even if more sophisticated tests are needed, an X-ray is often first approached. The part of the body being pictured is positioned between the X-ray machine and photographic film, while electromagnetic waves (radiation) travel through the patient's body. Sometimes, to make certain organs stand out the patient is asked to drink or be injected with barium sulfate or a dye.

Computed Tomography (CT) Scans

A CT scan is a modern imaging tool that combines X-rays with computer technology to produce a more detailed, cross-sectional image of the body. A CT scan allows a doctor see the size, shape, and position of structures that are deep inside the body, such as organs, tissues, or tumors. An X-ray tube slowly rotates around the patient, taking many pictures from all directions. A computer combines the images to produce a clear, two-dimensional view on a television screen. CT scans are used when there are problems with a small, bony structure or if there is severe trauma to the brain, spinal cord, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. As with a regular X-ray, sometimes barium sulfate or a dye is used to make certain parts of the body show up better. A CT scan costs more and takes more time than a regular X-ray, and it is not always available in small hospitals and rural areas.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI is another modern diagnostic imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images of the body. Unlike CT scans, MRI works without radiation. The MRI tool uses magnetic fields and a sophisticated computer to take high-resolution pictures of bones and soft tissues. The MRI creates a magnetic field around the patient and then pulses radio waves to the area of the patient's body to be pictured. The radio waves cause tissues to resonate. A computer records the rate at which body's various parts (tendons, ligaments, nerves, etc.) give off these vibrations, and translates the data into a detailed, two-dimensional picture. An MRI may help doctors to diagnose torn knee ligaments and cartilage, torn rotator cuffs, herniated disks, hip and pelvic problems, and other problems. An MRI may take 30 to 90 minutes, and is not available at all hospitals.

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