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The Science Talent Search (STS), America's oldest and most prestigious nationwide precollege competition, was initiated in 1942 by the Society for Science and the Public (called Science Service until 2008). The Society for Science and the Public is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of scientific knowledge through publications and educational programs such as science fairs and scholarship competitions.

Watson Davis, former director of Science Service beginning in 1928 and publisher of Science News, wanted to bridge the gap between the scientific community and the general public. To do this, Davis collaborated with the American Institute of the City of New York in 1941 to organize 800 existing science clubs throughout the country. Science Service linked these science clubs with museums, and other educational and scientific institutions and societies, resulting in expansion to 25,000 clubs. Various national meetings of regional and local science fair winners evolved into the STS competition and the International Science and Engineering Fair, also organized by the Society for Science and the Public.

In 1998, Intel took over support of the competition from Westinghouse, and has now involved more than 120,000 students looking to pursue careers in science, mathematics, engineering, and medicine. Academically gifted high school seniors compete for more than 3.8 million dollars in scholarship funds as well as financial assistance for college tuition. This entry describes the selection process, outcomes, the role of STS in gifted education, and research conducted on winners.

Selection Process

In November, students submit an entry form consisting of advisor recommendations, high school transcripts and test scores, and a research report. The research report describes an independent research project that is designed to display students' creativity and enthusiasm for one or more of 16 selected areas of science: behavioral and social sciences, biochemistry, bioinformatics and genomics, botany and plant science, chemistry, computer science, earth and planetary science, engineering, environmental science, mathematics, medicine and health, microbiology, materials science, physics, space science, and zoology and animal sciences.

Students entering the STS must be seniors in high school in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake, the Midway Islands, or the Marianas. Contestants can also be enrolled in a foreign school as an exchange student or because their parents are temporarily working or living abroad. Students cannot be the children of any STS employee, evaluators, or judges or have previously entered the STS.

The first round of STS involves selecting 300 semifinalists based on project reports evaluated by three or more scientists, mathematicians, or engineers. Those 300 papers are then narrowed down to 40 finalist papers. In March, the 40 finalists participate in a Science Talent Institute in Washington, D.C., all expenses paid. Finalists undergo an ultimate evaluation process that includes extensive interviews and a presentation of their research before judges that include top scientists from a variety of disciplines. Candidates are also given the opportunity to display their projects at the National Academy of Science in front of thousands of visitors, governmental heads, and scientific figures. In the past, contestants have met with the president as well as presidential candidates. At the conclusion of the contest, the top 10 finalists are announced at a banquet honoring the contestants.

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