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There is no methodological agreement in gifted education about what criteria make a practice best. The range of specific practices that might be considered for the rank of “best” is large. In Recommended Practices in Gifted Education: A Critical Analysis (1991), Bruce M. Shore, Dewey G. Cornell, Ann Robinson, and Virgil S. Ward identified an initial list of 120 practices that they distilled to 101; that list has likely grown somewhat in the 2 decades since that volume was assembled. It was based on a deliberate decision to search for recommended practices in the book and textbook literature on giftedness and gifted education, and then to search the journal and related literature for supporting and challenging literature. An important conclusion was that practices that are “recommended” are not all well supported by scholarly evidence, empirical or otherwise. The inclusion process was reversed in an elaborate project funded by the Javits Gifted and Talented Students Program of the U.S. Department of Education. Ann Robinson, Bruce Shore, and Donna L. Enerson convened a series of delphi panels comprising 14 experts from the field who identified important issues of practice for which there was consensus that a body of supporting literature existed. The primary sources (journal articles and other research publications) were exhaustively searched and checked, and then the degree of support and ensuing advice was presented, once again in a book, Best Practices in Gifted Education: An Evidence-Based Guide (2007), for 29 specific, relatively well-supported practices. These are, however, but two of many ways of arriving at a list of best practices. In this field of study and practice, books provide the major filter for the recognition of best practices.

Approaches

Consider the following as a preliminary list of approaches that have been taken in gifted education.

Advice of a Recognized Authority in the Field

This filter for educational practices most often appears in the form of an introductory or intermediate textbook written by a respected and usually senior member of the community. U.S. examples that contain a strong emphasis on practice have included James J. Gallagher and Shelagh A. Gallagher's Teaching the Gifted Child (1994), Joyce VanTassel-Baska's Comprehensive Curriculum for Gifted Learners (1994), C. June Maker and Aleene B. Nielson's Curriculum Development and Teaching Strategies for Gifted Learners (1996), and Gary A. Davis and Sylvia B. Rimm's Education of the Gifted and Talented (2004). International volumes with an emphasis on practice, although all much less comprehensive, include Catherine Clark and Ralph Callow's Educating the Gifted and Talented (2002) and Clark and Shore's Educating Students With High Ability (2004) for UNESCO. The advice given in these volumes is generally supported by research and authorial preference, but not all the supporting evidence is of the same quality.

Compendia of Models Based on Multiple Authorities

Previous research and practical experience are often gathered by a single editor. The two main examples are Joseph Renzulli's Systems and Models for Developing Programs for the Gifted and Talented (1986) and a new edition in press that presents the models as written by the original authors, and June Maker and Shirley W. Schiever's Teaching Models in Education of the Gifted (2009), in which all the models are presented in terms of Maker's own template for curriculum adaptation. In general, these compendia do not favor one set of practices over another, but they do present the models with brief summaries of evidence about them. The choice is left to the reader, and selection of defensible practices is still an educated decision, even when a particular model is selected.

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