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Business ethics research centers are organizations dedicated to the study of what is good or right for individuals and groups of individuals engaged in business activity. Since business ethics is a form of applied ethics (a branch of philosophy), the work of these centers is concerned with taking theoretical ethical concepts and principles and applying them in the real world. More particularly, business ethics research centers investigate and analyze the application of such concepts and principles to business decision making and action and consider the ramifications across the entire range of business functions, including the management of legal compliance, risk, stakeholder relationships, and business reputation, to name just a few. This investigation and analysis usually has the aim of developing greater awareness and understanding of ethical issues in the business environment and promoting best practices to address them. Accordingly, business ethics centers are most effective when they bridge theoretical inquiry and practical application and guide organizations in the development of ethical business cultures.

Business ethics centers are generally not-for-profit organizations, and although most have been established within business schools and universities, some exist independently. Funding and support for institution-based centers are usually provided by the host institution or by corporate and individual donors, government grants, revenue-generating activities (such as executive education programs, conferences, and publishing), and sometimes by all these sources in combination. There are some institution-based centers that derive funding from consulting activities. Independent centers may generate funding from similar sources, with consulting revenues likely to contribute a proportionately greater share in many cases. Typically, centers are small with a full-time director, one or more research and consulting staff members or associates, and several full- and part-time support staff. In the university setting, it is common for faculty members to be affiliated with such centers. They are often charged with teaching business ethics within a broader discipline-based curriculum and, especially now in business schools, integrating the subject into students' general education.

History and Geographical Distribution

Significant active research in business ethics began in the mid-1970s as the field became more widely recognized as a legitimate subject for study and teaching. Demand for such research was driven by the heightened social and ethical consciousness that emerged in the wake of a decade of civil unrest, environmental concern, and consumer enfranchisement—and especially after a series of high-profile scandals such as Watergate and the aerospace industry bribes.

There are over 200 centers worldwide, more than 120 of which are in the United States alone. The majority have been established in an academic setting, but most centers are characterized by an outward focus and a desire to provide practical assistance to business communities around the world. The earliest business ethics centers were established in the United States in the 1970s, with Europe, Canada, and Australia following in the 1980s. Among the oldest business ethics centers are the Center for Business Ethics, founded in 1976 at Bentley College in Waltham, Massachusetts, and the Olsson Center for Applied Ethics, which became active around the same time in the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, at the University of Virginia. Countries and regions that became significant for interest in business ethics in the 1990s, and that saw the creation of research centers, include Latin America, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, and South Africa.

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