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Healthy People 2010
Healthy People 2010 is the current national health promotion and disease prevention agenda published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It was developed with leadership from the Secretary of Health and Human Services Council on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention with the input of the Healthy People Consortium, an alliance of government agencies and public and private health agencies and national membership organizations.
The Healthy People 2010 framework includes 2 overarching goals, 28 focus areas, and 467 specific objectives. This identification of an extensive range of health priorities and quantifiable objectives gives states, businesses, educational institutions, and health care providers baseline data and a structure to create and evaluate public health programs or state-specific health agendas.
History
In 1979, the landmark report Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention provided Americans with the first set of national public health goals that focused on reducing premature deaths and preserving independence for the aging population. Following the 1979 Surgeon General's report, Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation was released in 1980. That report identified 226 health objective goals for the nation to achieve during that decade. The Department of Health and Human Services has created a new set of goals and public health priorities every decade since then. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives was released in 1990, and the current Healthy People 2010: Healthy People in Healthy Communities was released in 2000.
To help coordinate public health activates at the national, state, and local levels, Healthy People 2010 provides a comprehensive portrait of the nation's health in 2000, sets national goals for 2010, and releases a midcourse review to monitor progress. By bridging the link between community and individual health, the report solidifies the notion of collective action for both community and individual health improvement. Healthy People 2010 also creates an agenda for program funding, prioritizes research, and provides guidance for new regulatory efforts carried out by the various agencies under the Department of Health and Human Services.
Goals
As our nation's demographic profile shifts to an older and more diverse population, so do our health priorities. The two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 are poised to address our changing demographics.
The first goal, to increase quality and years of healthy life, attempts to tackle our aging population; the second goal, to eliminate health disparities, aims at closing the health chasm that exists between various ethnic and racial groups.
Focus Areas
Leading Health Indicators
Chosen based on the availability of current data to serve as baselines and their relevance to wide-ranging public health issues, Leading Health Indicators were included for the first time in Healthy People 2010. The indicators serve as a tool for monitoring national progress in the following health areas: physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, and access to health care.
Objectives
Healthy People 2010 objectives provide the vision and direction for action on a specific health outcome or health status. By separating objectives into two categories, measurable objectives and developmental objectives, a clearer structure emerges. Measurable objectives are formulated to drive specific health promotion actions. They provide baseline data, derived from nationally representative data systems, from which the target is set. As a complement to measurable objectives, developmental objectives provide a vision for a specific health outcome or health status. By identifying areas of increasing importance, the developmental objectives seek to drive new research and data collection systems.
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- Behavioral and Social Science
- Acculturation
- Bioterrorism
- Community Health
- Community Trial
- Community-Based Participatory Research
- Cultural Sensitivity
- Demography
- Determinants of Health Model
- Ecological Fallacy
- Epidemiology in Developing Countries
- EuroQoL EQ-5D Questionnaire
- Functional Status
- Genocide
- Geographical and Social Influences on Health
- Health Behavior
- Health Belief Model
- Health Communication
- Health Communication in Developing Countries
- Health Disparities
- Health Literacy
- Health, Definitions of
- Life Course Approach
- Locus of Control
- Medical Anthropology
- Network Analysis
- Participatory Action Research
- Poverty and Health
- Quality of Life, Quantification of
- Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB)
- Race and Ethnicity, Measurement Issues With
- Race Bridging
- Rural Health Issues
- Self-Efficacy
- SF-36® Health Survey
- Social Capital and Health
- Social Epidemiology
- Social Hierarchy and Health
- Social Marketing
- Social-Cognitive Theory
- Socioeconomic Classification
- Spirituality and Health
- Targeting and Tailoring
- Theory of Planned Behavior
- Transtheoretical Model
- Urban Health Issues
- Urban Sprawl
- Branches of Epidemiology
- Applied Epidemiology
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology
- Clinical Epidemiology
- Descriptive and Analytic Epidemiology
- Disability Epidemiology
- Disaster Epidemiology
- Eco-Epidemiology
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology
- Field Epidemiology
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- Molecular Epidemiology
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- Social Epidemiology
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- Diseases and Conditions
- Alzheimer's Disease
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- Schizophrenia
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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- Sleep Disorders
- Smallpox
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- Tuberculosis
- Vector-Borne Disease
- Vehicle-Related Injuries
- Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
- Waterborne Diseases
- Yellow Fever
- Zoonotic Disease
- Epidemiological Concepts
- Attack Rate
- Attributable Fractions
- Biomarkers
- Birth Cohort Analysis
- Birth Defects
- Case Definition
- Case Reports and Case Series
- Case-Cohort Studies
- Case-Fatality Rate
- Cohort Effects
- Community Trial
- Competencies in Applied Epidemiology for Public Health Agencies
- Cumulative Incidence
- Direct Standardization
- Disease Eradication
- Effect Modification and Interaction
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy
- Emerging Infections
- Epidemic
- Etiology of Disease
- Exposure Assessment
- Fertility, Measures of
- Fetal Death, Measures of
- Gestational Age
- Health, Definitions of
- Herd Immunity
- Hill's Considerations for Causal Inference
- Incidence
- Indirect Standardization
- Koch's Postulates
- Life Course Approach
- Life Expectancy
- Life Tables
- Malnutrition, Measurement of
- Mediating Variable
- Migrant Studies
- Mortality Rates
- Natural Experiment
- Notifiable Disease
- Outbreak Investigation
- Population Pyramid
- Preclinical Phase of Disease
- Preterm Birth
- Prevalence
- Prevention: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
- Public Health Surveillance
- Qualitative Methods in Epidemiology
- Quarantine and Isolation
- Screening
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sentinel Health Event
- Syndemics
- Epidemiologic Data
- Administrative Data
- American Cancer Society Cohort Studies
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- Biomedical Informatics
- Birth Certificate
- Cancer Registries
- Death Certificate
- Framingham Heart Study
- Global Burden of Disease Project
- Harvard Six Cities Study
- Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
- Healthy People 2010
- Honolulu Heart Program
- Illicit Drug Use, Acquiring Information on
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
- Monitoring the Future Survey
- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
- National Death Index
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- National Health Care Survey
- National Health Interview Survey
- National Immunization Survey
- National Maternal and Infant Health Survey
- National Mortality Followback Survey
- National Survey of Family Growth
- Physicians' Health Study
- Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System
- Relational Database
- Rochester Epidemiology Project
- Sampling Techniques
- Secondary Data
- Spreadsheet
- Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
- Ethics
- Genetics
- Association, Genetic
- Chromosome
- Epigenetics
- Family Studies in Genetics
- Gene
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Disorders
- Genetic Epidemiology
- Genetic Markers
- Genomics
- Genotype
- Hardy-Weinberg Law
- Heritability
- Human Genome Project
- Icelandic Genetics Database
- Linkage Analysis
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Multifactorial Inheritance
- Mutation
- Newborn Screening Programs
- Phenotype
- Teratogen
- Twin Studies
- Health Care Economics and Management
- Biomedical Informatics
- EuroQoL EQ-5D Questionnaire
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Formulary, Drug
- Functional Status
- Health Care Delivery
- Health Care Services Utilization
- Health Economics
- International Classification of Diseases
- International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
- Managed Care
- Medicaid
- Medicare
- Partner Notification
- Quality of Life, Quantification of
- Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB)
- SF-36® Health Survey
- Health Risks and Health Behaviors
- Agent Orange
- Alcohol Use
- Allergen
- Asbestos
- Bioterrorism
- Child Abuse
- Cholesterol
- Circumcision, Male
- Diabetes
- Drug Abuse and Dependence, Epidemiology of
- Eating Disorders
- Emerging Infections
- Firearms
- Foodborne Diseases
- Harm Reduction
- Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Lead
- Love Canal
- Malnutrition, Measurement of
- Mercury
- Obesity
- Oral Contraceptives
- Pain
- Physical Activity and Health
- Pollution
- Poverty and Health
- Radiation
- Sexual Risk Behavior
- Sick Building Syndrome
- Social Capital and Health
- Social Hierarchy and Health
- Socioeconomic Classification
- Spirituality and Health
- Stress
- Teratogen
- Thalidomide
- Tobacco
- Urban Health Issues
- Urban Sprawl
- Vehicle-Related Injuries
- Violence as a Public Health Issue
- Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
- War
- Waterborne Diseases
- Zoonotic Disease
- History and Biography
- Budd, William
- Doll, Richard
- Ehrlich, Paul
- Epidemiology, History of
- Eugenics
- Farr, William
- Frost, Wade Hampton
- Genocide
- Goldberger, Joseph
- Graunt, John
- Hamilton, Alice
- Hill, Austin Bradford
- Jenner, Edward
- Keys, Ancel
- Koch, Robert
- Lind, James
- Lister, Joseph
- Nightingale, Florence
- Pasteur, Louis
- Public Health, History of
- Reed, Walter
- Ricketts, Howard
- Rush, Benjamin
- Snow, John
- Tukey, John
- Tuskegee Study
- Infrastructure of Epidemiology and Public Health
- American College of Epidemiology
- American Public Health Association
- Association of Schools of Public Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
- European Public Health Alliance
- European Union Public Health Programs
- Food and Drug Administration
- Governmental Role in Public Health
- Healthy People 2010
- Institutional Review Board
- Journals, Epidemiological
- Journals, Public Health
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- U.S. Public Health Service
- United Nations Children's Fund
- World Health Organization
- Medical Care and Research
- Allergen
- Apgar Score
- Barker Hypothesis
- Birth Defects
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- Carcinogen
- Case Reports and Case Series
- Clinical Epidemiology
- Clinical Trials
- Community Health
- Community Trial
- Comorbidity
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy
- Emerging Infections
- Etiology of Disease
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Gestational Age
- Intent-to-Treat Analysis
- International Classification of Diseases
- International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
- Latency and Incubation Periods
- Life Course Approach
- Malnutrition, Measurement of
- Medical Anthropology
- Organ Donation
- Pain
- Placebo Effect
- Preclinical Phase of Disease
- Preterm Birth
- Public Health Nursing
- Quarantine and Isolation
- Screening
- Vaccination
- Specific Populations
- African American Health Issues
- Aging, Epidemiology of
- American Indian Health Issues
- Asian American/Pacific Islander Health Issues
- Breastfeeding
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Epidemiology in Developing Countries
- Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Immigrant and Refugee Health Issues
- Latino Health Issues
- Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology
- Men's Health Issues
- Oral Contraceptives
- Race and Ethnicity, Measurement Issues With
- Race Bridging
- Rural Health Issues
- Sexual Minorities, Health Issues of
- Urban Health Issues
- Women's Health Issues
- Statistics and Research Methods
- F Test
- p Value
- Additive and Multiplicative Models
- Analysis of Covariance
- Analysis of Variance
- Bar Chart
- Bayes's Theorem
- Bayesian Approach to Statistics
- Bias
- Binomial Variable
- Birth Cohort Analysis
- Box-and-Whisker Plot
- Capture-Recapture Method
- Categorical Data, Analysis of
- Causal Diagrams
- Causation and Causal Inference
- Censored Data
- Central Limit Theorem
- Chi-Square Test
- Classification and Regression Tree Models
- Cluster Analysis
- Coefficient of Determination
- Cohort Effects
- Collinearity
- Community Trial
- Community-Based Participatory Research
- Confidence Interval
- Confounding
- Control Group
- Control Variable
- Convenience Sample
- Cox Model
- Critical Value
- Cumulative Incidence
- Data Management
- Data Transformations
- Decision Analysis
- Degrees of Freedom
- Dependent and Independent Variables
- Diffusion of Innovations
- Discriminant Analysis
- Dose-Response Relationship
- Doubling Time
- Dummy Coding
- Dummy Variable
- Ecological Fallacy
- Economic Evaluation
- Effect Modification and Interaction
- Factor Analysis
- Fisher's Exact Test
- Geographical and Spatial Analysis
- Graphical Presentation of Data
- Halo Effect
- Hawthorne Effect
- Hazard Rate
- Healthy Worker Effect
- Hill's Considerations for Causal Inference
- Histogram
- Hypothesis Testing
- Inferential and Descriptive Statistics
- Intent-to-Treat Analysis
- Internet Data Collection
- Interquartile Range
- Interrater Reliability
- Intervention Studies
- Interview Techniques
- Kaplan-Meier Method
- Kappa
- Kurtosis
- Latent Class Models
- Life Tables
- Likelihood Ratio
- Likert Scale
- Log-Rank Test
- Logistic Regression
- Longitudinal Research Design
- Matching
- Measurement
- Measures of Association
- Measures of Central Tendency
- Measures of Variability
- Meta-Analysis
- Missing Data Methods
- Multilevel Modeling
- Multiple Comparison Procedures
- Multivariate Analysis of Variance
- Natural Experiment
- Network Analysis
- Nonparametric Statistics
- Normal Distribution
- Null and Alternative Hypotheses
- Observational Studies
- Overmatching
- Panel Data
- Participatory Action Research
- Pearson Correlation Coefficient
- Percentiles
- Person-Time Units
- Pie Chart
- Placebo Effect
- Point Estimate
- Probability Sample
- Program Evaluation
- Propensity Score
- Proportion
- Qualitative Methods in Epidemiology
- Quasi Experiments
- Questionnaire Design
- Race Bridging
- Random Variable
- Random-Digit Dialing
- Randomization
- Rate
- Ratio
- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve
- Regression
- Relational Database
- Reliability
- Response Rate
- Robust Statistics
- Sample Size Calculations and Statistical Power
- Sampling Distribution
- Sampling Techniques
- Scatterplot
- Secondary Data
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequential Analysis
- Simpson's Paradox
- Skewness
- Spreadsheet
- Stem-and-Leaf Plot
- Stratified Methods
- Structural Equation Modeling
- Study Design
- Survival Analysis
- Target Population
- Time Series
- Type I and Type II Errors
- Unit of Analysis
- Validity
- Volunteer Effect
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