Air Traffic Controller Training

Simulation Fidelity

A standard definition of “simulation fidelity” is the degree to which the simulation emulates the real system. Several training sources have provided definitions for “simulation.” These definitions cover basic or part-task simulation, low-fidelity simulation, medium-fidelity simulation, and high-fidelity simulation. Basic or part-task simulation is the imitation of a behavior or task but lacks functional and environmental fidelity. Essentially, these are systems that do not require visual displays or hands-on control functionality. Low-fidelity simulation is the basic modeling with desktop computers and monitors with some imitation of input devices. Low fidelity may include visual displays or control interaction and has the ability to practice multiple types of errors. Medium-fidelity simulation includes more equipment functionality that does not require visual systems or highly realistic controls. This level of simulation fidelity can be used for practicing procedures such as emergency response and flow controls. High-fidelity simulation is near-system fidelity that can simulate multiple weather environments and the ability to emulate real-world events and features. Some examples of high-fidelity features are generating traffic and aircraft types in high-value training situations like departure overtakes, slow-climbing aircraft, en route overtakes, inverted holding pattern stacks, crossing traffic for departures or arrivals, sequencing problems, sector saturation, scanning complexities, and others.

Simulation Benefits

Any simulation equipment must be able to stimulate the most common cognitive abilities and psycho-motor skills that have been identified in several studies dealing with air traffic control. Cognitive abilities are memory skills, numerical ability, spatial ability, and speed and accuracy in perception. Psycho-motor skills include the effective use of keyboard, trackball, mouse, coordination, and consistency of required actions. In the world of air traffic control training, there are several companies that provide different versions and levels of simulation equipment. These systems allow students to experience the look and feel of air traffic control; the stress of controlling multiple targets and making sure they are separated has tremendous benefits over the old true and tried method of lecture-only sessions. A good simulation product can have a dramatic effect on the entry-level controllers in a number of areas. First, there is safety in the simulation environment. Real-world situations can be programmed into scenarios that allow students to try to work their way out of problems that might be experienced with live traffic. Also, scenarios can emulate situations that are designed to enforce procedures that are unique to [Page 43]air traffic control and not seen very often. Finally, with the ability to teach procedures, airspace, and techniques, simulation will build confidence in the students and reduce the pressure on them. As with pilots, developmentals, or trainees, can be much better prepared and confident before they actually begin working live traffic. In such a critical part of the American economic infrastructure, the need to train air traffic controllers quickly, efficiently, and safely should far outweigh the costs.

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