Decisions

Primary Documents

Other Historical Documents

Abraham, Henry J., and Barbara A. Perry. Freedom and the Court: Civil Rights and Liberties in the United States. 8th ed. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003.

Abrams, Floyd. Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York: Viking, 2005.

Alley, Robert S. School Prayer: The Court, the Congress, and the First Amendment. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1994.

———. The Supreme Court on Church and State. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Amar, Akhil Reed. The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998.

Anastaplo, George. Reflections on Freedom of Speech and the First Amendment. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2007.

Baker, C. Edwin. Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Berg, Thomas C., ed. The Free Exercise of Religion Clause: The First Amendment. Its Constitutional History and the Contemporary Debate. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2008.

Berns, Walter. The First Amendment and the Future of American Democracy. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

Bollinger, Lee C. The Tolerant Society: Freedom of Speech and Extremist Speech in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Bork, Robert H. “Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems.” Indiana Law Journal 47 (1971).

Boyer, Paul S. Purity in Print: The Vice-Society Movement and Book Censorship in America. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1968.

Chafee, Zechariah, Jr. Freedom of Speech in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1941.

Cleary, Edward. Beyond the Burning Cross: The First Amendment and the Landmark R.A.V. Case. New York: Random House, 1994.

Cord, Robert. Separation of Church and State: Historical Fact and Current Fiction. New York: Lambeth Press, 1982.

Cox, Archibald. Freedom of Expression. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Curtis, Michael Kent. Free Speech: The People’s Darling Privilege. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2000.

Davis, Derek H. Religion and the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

De Grazia, Edward. Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius. New York: Random House, 1992.

Dierenfeld, Bruce J. The Battle over School Prayer: How Engel v. Vitale Changed America. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2007.

Dollimore, Jonathan. Sex, Literature and Censorship. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.

Downs, Donald Alexander. Nazis in Skokie: Freedom, Community, and the First Amendment. South Bend, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1985.

Dudley, William, ed. The Bill of Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1994.

Dumbauld, Edward. The Bill of Rights and What It Means Today. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1957.

Earle, Edward Mead. Introduction. The Federalist: A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States. New York: Modern Library, 1941.

Ellis, Richard J. To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.

Emerson, Thomas. A System of Free Expression. New York: Vintage Books, 1970.

———. Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment. New York: Vintage Books, 1966.

Ernst, Morris L., and Alexander Lindey. The Censor Marches On: Recent Milestones in the Administration of Obscenity Law in the United States. New York: Doubleday, 1940.

Finan, Christopher M. From the Palmer Raids to the Patriot Act: A History of the Fight for Free Speech in America. Boston: Beacon Press, 2007.

Fish, Stanley. There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech and It’s a Good Thing, Too. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Fiss, Owen M. Liberalism Divided: Freedom of Speech and the Many Uses of State Power. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996.

Gibson, Michael T. “The Supreme Court and Freedom of Expression from 1791 to 1917.” Fordham Law Review 55 (1986): 263–333.

Goines, David Lance. The Free Speech Movement: Coming of Age in the 1960s. Berkeley, Calif.: Ten Speed Press, 1993.

Goldstein, Robert Justin. Desecrating the American Flag: Key Documents of the Controversy from the Civil War to 1995. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1996.

———. Flag Burning and Free Speech: The Case of Texas v. Johnson. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Gordon, Sarah Barringer. The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

Greenawalt, Kent. Does God Belong in Public Schools? Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.

———. Establishment and Fairness. Vol. 2 of Religion and the Constitution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008.

———. Free Exercise and Fairness. Vol. 1 of Religion and the Constitution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Guliuzza, Frank, III. Over the Wall: Protecting Religious Expression in the Public Square. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Guttman, Amy, ed. Freedom of Association. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Hajdu, David. The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.

Hamburger, Philip. Separation of Church and State. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Hasen, Richard L. The Supreme Court and Election Law. New York: New York University Press, 2003.

Haynes, Charles C., Sam Chaltain, and Susan M. Glisson. First Freedoms: A Documentary History of First Amendment Rights in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Hentoff, Nat. The First Freedom: The Tumultuous History of Free Speech in America. New York: Delacorte Press, 1980.

———. Free Speech for Me—But Not for Thee: How the American Left and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other. New York: Harper Collins, 1992.

Holmes, David. The Faith of the Founding Fathers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Hyman, Harold M. To Try Men’s Souls: Loyalty Tests in American History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960.

Johnson, John W. The Struggle for Student Rights: Tinker v. Des Moines and the 1960s. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997.

Kalven, Harry, Jr. The Negro and the First Amendment. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1965.

———. A Worthy Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.

Kramnick, Isaac, and R. Laurence Moore. The Godless Constitution: A Moral Defense of the Secular State. Rev. ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2005.

Kurland, Philip B. Free Speech and Association: The Supreme Court and the First Amendment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

Laband, David, and Deborah Hendry Heindbuch. The History, Politics, and Economics of Sunday Closing Laws. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 1987.

Labunski, Richard. James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Lampert, Frank. The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Lane, Robert Wheeler. Beyond the Schoolhouse Gate: Free Speech and the Inculcation of Values. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.

Larson, Edward J. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Levy, Leonard W. Blasphemy: Verbal Offenses against the Sacred, from Moses to Salman Rushdie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

———. The Establishment Clause: Religion and the First Amendment. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.

Lewis, Anthony. Freedom for the Thought That We Hate: A Biography of the First Amendment. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

———. Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment. New York: Vintage, 1992.

MacKinnon, Catherine. Only Words. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Martin, Robert W. T. The Free and Open Press: The Founding of American Democratic Press Liberty, 1640–1800. New York: New York University Press, 2001.

Matsuda, Mari. Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993.

McConnell, Michael W. “The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion.” Harvard Law Review 103 (1990): 1409–1517.

———. “The Supreme Court’s Earliest Church-State Cases: Windows on Religious-Cultural-Political Conflict in the Early Republic.” Tulsa Law Review 37 (Fall 2001).

Meiklejohn, Alexander. Free Speech and Its Relation to Self Government. New York: Harper Brothers Publishers, 1948.

———. Political Freedom: The Constitutional Powers of the People. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Murphy, Paul. The Meaning of the First Amendment. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972.

———. World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1979.

Nelson, Jack.Captive Voices: High School Journalism in America. New York: Schocken Books, 1974.

Noll, Mark A., and Luke E. Harlow. Religion and American Politics. 2d ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

O’Neil. Robert M. The First Amendment and Civil Liability. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

———. The Rights of Public Employees. 2d ed. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993.

Peters, Shawn Francis. Judging Jehovah’s Witnesses: Religious Persecution and the Dawn of the Rights Revolution. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Pfeffer, Leo. Church, State, and Freedom. Boston: Beacon Press, 1953.

Polenberg, Richard. Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court, and Free Speech. New York: Viking Press, 1987.

Posner, Richard. Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Powe, Lucas A., Jr. The Fourth Estate and the Constitution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Rabban, David M. Free Speech in Its Forgotten Years. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Redish, Martin. Freedom of Expression: A Critical Analysis. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie, 1984.

Reeves, Richard. What the People Know: Freedom and the Press. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Rembar, Charles. The End of Obscenity: The Trials of Lady Chatterley, Tropic of Cancer, and Fanny Hill. New York: Random House, 1968.

Richards, Robert D. Freedom’s Voice: The Perilous Present and Uncertain Future of the First Amendment. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998.

Rosenberg, Norman L. Protecting the Best Men: An Interpretative History of the Law of Libel. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.

Rosenfeld, Richard N. American Aurora. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Ross, William G. Forging New Freedoms: Nativism, Education, and the Constitution, 1917–1927. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.

Sack, Robert D., ed. Sack on Defamation: Libel, Slander, and Related Problems. 3d ed. New York: Practising Law Institute, 1999.

Sanford, Bruce W. Don’t Shoot the Messenger: How Our Growing Hatred of the Media Threatens Free Speech for All of Us. New York: Free Press, 1999.

Saunders, Kevin W. Violence as Obscenity: Limiting the Media’s First Amendment Protection. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1996.

———. The Yoder Case: Religious Education, Freedom and Parental Rights. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003.

Sekulow, Jay. Witnessing Their Faith: Religious Influence on Supreme Court Justices and Their Opinions. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.

Shiffrin, Steven H. Dissent, Injustice, and the Meanings of America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999.

———. The First Amendment, Democracy and Romance. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Smith, Craig R., and Scott Lybarger. The Ratification of the Bill of Rights, 1789–1791. Long Beach, Calif.: Center for First Amendment Studies, 1991.

Smith, James Morton. Freedom’s Fetters: Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1956.

Smolla, Rodney A. Free Speech in an Open Society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

———. Jerry Falwell v. Larry Flynt: The First Amendment on Trial. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

———. Smolla and Nimmer on Freedom of Speech: A Treatise on the First Amendment. New York: Mathew Bender, 1994.

Sorauf, Frank J. The Wall of Separation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Stone, Geoffrey R. “Content-Neutral Restrictions.” University of Chicago Law Review 54 (1987): 46–118.

———. Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2004.

Strossen, Nadine. Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex, and the Fight for Women’s Rights. New York: Scribner, 1993.

Sullivan, Kathleen, and Gerald Gunther. First Amendment Law. 2d ed. New York: Foundation Press, 2003.

Sunstein, Cass R. Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech. New York: Free Press, 1993.

Tedford, Thomas L., and Dale A. Herbeck. Freedom of Speech in the United States. 5th ed. State College, Penn.: Strata Publishing, 2005.

Van Alstyne, William W. “Academic Freedom and the First Amendment in the Supreme Court of the United States: An Unhurried Historical Review.” Law and Contemporary Problems 53 (1990).

Vile, John R. The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America’s Founding. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO Press, 2005.

Wagman, Robert J. The First Amendment Book. New York: Pharos Books, 1991.

Weaver, Russell L., and Donald E. Lively. Understanding the First Amendment. New York: Matthew Bender and Co., 2003.