Control Theory

Control theory offers an approach to explaining deviant behavior that differs from that of traditional theories (i.e., strain, differential association, and labeling). Specifically, control theorists attempt to explain why people conform to the rules and norms of society, not why they deviate. The idea that deviant behavior is caused by a breakdown in informal social control is a dominant theme in the deviance literature. Not only do several variations of control theory exist, but elements of control can be found in other sociological theories as well. According to control theorists, all controls are social in the sense that they develop and are maintained through a process of social interaction. Furthermore, it is through a process of social interaction with primary social groups that social control originates and becomes strengthened. One of the greatest strengths offered by control theory is that the various control theories can be used to explain many types of deviance across all socioeconomic groups.