Managerial Grid

Leadership theories can be grouped into three main categories: (a) leadership as personality, (b) leadership as behavior and action, and (c) leadership as symbol. Leadership style denotes the behavior or behavioral pattern of leaders. Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton’s managerial grid theory is among the most well known in the field of leadership style. The leadership grid theory is based on a large number of studies performed by Blake and Mouton, among others such as Anne Adams McCanse. There are also two kinds of theories on leadership effectiveness. The universal theorists claim that there is one best way to lead, while the contingency theorists claim that leadership effectiveness is dependent on the situation. The managerial grid theory represents the strongest argument for the former. The managerial, or leadership, grid provides a framework for understanding and executing effective leadership. The grid theory has been applied all over the world, to private, public, and voluntary organizations.

Blake and Mouton’s first book on their theory appeared in 1964. Over the years, they applied the theory numerous times and developed it, refining its theoretical basis and steadily adding to the documentation of its practical use. The key behind the success of the grid theory lies in the focus on style (behavior). Blake and Mouton rejected the notion that leadership style has its basis in personality. This entry presents the two dimensions of leadership style and defines the five leadership styles. Additionally, the explanation of the leadership behavior is also presented as well as how Blake and Mouton measured the styles. The entry also stresses the argument that there is one best way to lead—team management—and the logical and empirical support for this universal theory of leadership.