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Globalization, with its multidimensional outcomes, has resulted in significant changes in every aspect of daily life, including human services and diversity. The gap between clusters of social structure and the scope of diversity spread throughout the world in this process. It generated new terms and perceptions like “coca-colonization.”

“Coca-colonization” refers to cultural and economic impacts of the Western, particularly the American, way of life through consequences of globalization processes, on local cultures and economies around the world. It is a term formed by combining “Coca-Cola,” a soft drink brand of a multinational beverage company with U.S. origin, and the term colonization. Although slavery and colonization were prohibited around the world with increased standards of democracy and human rights, the term coca-colonization is ironically used to express the existing influence of developed the economies on economic, social, and cultural structure of developing countries.

The term emerged in the post-World War II years to attract attention to the irresistible spread of capitalism around the world. It became popular with the 1994 publication of Reinhold Wagnleitner Coca-Colonization and the Cold War: The Cultural Mission of the United States in Austria After the Second World War. The book pointed out how American culture was internalized in other countries, particularly in the Iron Curtain states, with the influence of music, radio, films, newspapers, and magazines rather than the influence of military or diplomatic power.

Coca-Colonization of the World

How has the world been coca-colonized? Has it only been coca-colonized, or are there other versions of colonization, such as “McDonaldization,” which is a similar term used to explain the same idea as coca-colonization. In fact, these are simply symbols to express the extent of a change, which generated a new world in terms of economic, social, and cultural aspects. The change, of course, did not come up in an instant but occurred as a result of evolving processes. Roots of the change date back over centuries to the emergence of new actors in the international system. While empires and states were, previously, the unique actors in the system, nonstate entities arose as a challenge to the state. These entities included international and regional alliances, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), volunteer associations, multinational corporations, etc. Technological progress from the use of steam in industry and transportation to the invention of the Internet and wireless communication techniques played a key role in the emergence of this new order in the world. As an irresistible result of these processes, the world turned into a small village in which people, goods, money, and knowledge could move easily and quickly. Borders between states became less important because of the transboundary communication and trade between people and companies which are located in different parts of the world. All these processes were results of a new era, which is termed globalization.

Beyond Coca-Colonization

The rapid circulation of goods and money resulted in the need for producing as much as possible in order to meet limitless interests of consumers around the world. Consequently, two approaches emerged as a response to this situation. On the one hand, proponents of globalization argued that the existing order helps people around the world reach outcomes of the system. As in the example of Coca-Cola, for instance, it is possible toDay for almost every single person to get a bottle or can of Coke in the world regardless of his or her distance to the United States, home of Coca-Cola.

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