Women

Scholars in various fields have devoted significant attention to understanding the discrepancies in men and women's engagement in social deviance pertaining to lying and deception. Although biological sex is a known factor contributing to the use of deceptive communication, research to date has also demonstrated the relevance of social norms and contexts that shape the influence of both sexes in criminal activities and intimate relationships. Because of different life experiences and levels of self-regulation, women differ from their male counterparts with respect to the types of crime they are choosing to engage in. In the arena of a romantic relationship, both men and women are likely to use deception to attain their means, though in different ways.

Among the human impulses that enhance the ability for survival and shape modern lifestyles, human nature consists of a fair number of selfish drives and urges that often propel one to lie and deceive. Classic works as well as the most recent empirical findings have illuminated the intimate link between biological sex and social deviance. Research, which attempts to understand the discrepancies of deviant behaviors, such as each sex's tendencies for betrayal, cheating, and destructive behaviors, has considered a number of theoretical explanations. Specifically, behavioral distinctions are made to elucidate how females differ from their male counterparts from various perspectives, ranging from the biological aspects to the social domain. Further, cultural stereotypes also call upon the normative standards that women should be evaluated against, as the legacy of moral standards continues to shape contemporary gender ideologies and identity development.

But biological sex is not the only static attribute when it comes to deception; it is also crucial to pinpoint the environmental forces and multiple social contexts influencing the inherent capacities and predispositions of human nature. In general, social norms that encompass the established regulations and behavioral expectations not only provide rules of conduct for men and women but also are essential for society's survival. Moreover, social stigma in supporting the perpetuation of social inequality also has its most profound impact on social marginalization of women who deceive. But a comprehensive examination of women's experience requires the exploration of their relationships with their male counterparts.